Severe Visual Impairments in Infants and Toddlers in the United States
Introduction This article describes the most prevalent visual conditions and other demographic characteristics of 5,931 young children with severe visual impairments in 28 states in the United States, the largest sample reported to date. The information presented in this article can assist in planni...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of visual impairment & blindness 2013-09, Vol.107 (5), p.325-336 |
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| container_title | Journal of visual impairment & blindness |
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| creator | Hatton, Deborah D. Ivy, Sarah E. Boyer, Charles |
| description | Introduction
This article describes the most prevalent visual conditions and other demographic characteristics of 5,931 young children with severe visual impairments in 28 states in the United States, the largest sample reported to date. The information presented in this article can assist in planning and implementing programs.
Method
The data were collected at the time of entry into specialized early intervention programs for young children with visual impairments through reviews of records, interviews, and direct observations. They were sent to Babies Count: The National Registry for Children with Visual Impairments, Birth to 3 Years at the American Printing House for the Blind. The data were collected and entered between January 2005 and April 2011.
Results
Cortical visual impairment, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and optic nerve hypoplasia were the three most prevalent diagnoses. Approximately 60% were identified as being legally blind, and 65% had disabilities in addition to visual impairments. The mean age of the children at the time of diagnosis was 4.9 (SD = 5.7) months, referral to specialized programs was at 10.5 (SD = 7.8) months, and entry into specialized programs was at 11.6 (SD = 8.0) months. There was an average lag of 5.6 months between the diagnosis and referral.
Discussion
Cortical visual impairment, ROP, and optic nerve hypoplasia continue to be the leading causes of severe, uncorrectable visual impairments in children in the United States. ROP appears to be decreasing in prevalence; however, more children with ROP appear to have additional disabilities. The lag of 5.6 months between diagnosis and referral, a longer lag than was previously reported, is of concern.
Implications for practitioners
Information about the characteristics of children with severe uncorrectable visual conditions is valuable for communicating with families, planning and implementing early intervention and educational programs, and collaborating with medical professionals. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1177/0145482X1310700502 |
| format | Article |
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This article describes the most prevalent visual conditions and other demographic characteristics of 5,931 young children with severe visual impairments in 28 states in the United States, the largest sample reported to date. The information presented in this article can assist in planning and implementing programs.
Method
The data were collected at the time of entry into specialized early intervention programs for young children with visual impairments through reviews of records, interviews, and direct observations. They were sent to Babies Count: The National Registry for Children with Visual Impairments, Birth to 3 Years at the American Printing House for the Blind. The data were collected and entered between January 2005 and April 2011.
Results
Cortical visual impairment, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and optic nerve hypoplasia were the three most prevalent diagnoses. Approximately 60% were identified as being legally blind, and 65% had disabilities in addition to visual impairments. The mean age of the children at the time of diagnosis was 4.9 (SD = 5.7) months, referral to specialized programs was at 10.5 (SD = 7.8) months, and entry into specialized programs was at 11.6 (SD = 8.0) months. There was an average lag of 5.6 months between the diagnosis and referral.
Discussion
Cortical visual impairment, ROP, and optic nerve hypoplasia continue to be the leading causes of severe, uncorrectable visual impairments in children in the United States. ROP appears to be decreasing in prevalence; however, more children with ROP appear to have additional disabilities. The lag of 5.6 months between diagnosis and referral, a longer lag than was previously reported, is of concern.
Implications for practitioners
Information about the characteristics of children with severe uncorrectable visual conditions is valuable for communicating with families, planning and implementing early intervention and educational programs, and collaborating with medical professionals.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0145-482X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1559-1476</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1177/0145482X1310700502</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications</publisher><subject>Blindness ; Care and treatment ; Child Development ; Children & youth ; Children with disabilities ; Clinical Diagnosis ; Demographic aspects ; Diagnosis ; Early intervention ; Incidence ; Individual Characteristics ; Infants ; Intervention ; Interviews ; Observation ; Optics ; Outcomes of Education ; People with disabilities ; Public Agencies ; Referral ; Risk ; Statistical Analysis ; Surveys ; Toddlers ; Vision disorders in children ; Visual Acuity ; Visual impairment ; Visual Impairments ; Visually disabled persons ; Young Children</subject><ispartof>Journal of visual impairment & blindness, 2013-09, Vol.107 (5), p.325-336</ispartof><rights>2013 American Foundation for the Blind</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2013 Sage Publications, Inc.</rights><rights>Copyright American Foundation for the Blind, Inc. Sep-Oct 2013</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c465t-9ce18468a93144f26499114105224003b8f8b4c51966e41d2f71732a8c0f2bd33</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c465t-9ce18468a93144f26499114105224003b8f8b4c51966e41d2f71732a8c0f2bd33</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0145482X1310700502$$EPDF$$P50$$Gsage$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0145482X1310700502$$EHTML$$P50$$Gsage$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,687,776,780,881,21798,27901,27902,43597,43598</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/detail?accno=EJ1017603$$DView record in ERIC$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Hatton, Deborah D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ivy, Sarah E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Boyer, Charles</creatorcontrib><title>Severe Visual Impairments in Infants and Toddlers in the United States</title><title>Journal of visual impairment & blindness</title><description>Introduction
This article describes the most prevalent visual conditions and other demographic characteristics of 5,931 young children with severe visual impairments in 28 states in the United States, the largest sample reported to date. The information presented in this article can assist in planning and implementing programs.
Method
The data were collected at the time of entry into specialized early intervention programs for young children with visual impairments through reviews of records, interviews, and direct observations. They were sent to Babies Count: The National Registry for Children with Visual Impairments, Birth to 3 Years at the American Printing House for the Blind. The data were collected and entered between January 2005 and April 2011.
Results
Cortical visual impairment, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and optic nerve hypoplasia were the three most prevalent diagnoses. Approximately 60% were identified as being legally blind, and 65% had disabilities in addition to visual impairments. The mean age of the children at the time of diagnosis was 4.9 (SD = 5.7) months, referral to specialized programs was at 10.5 (SD = 7.8) months, and entry into specialized programs was at 11.6 (SD = 8.0) months. There was an average lag of 5.6 months between the diagnosis and referral.
Discussion
Cortical visual impairment, ROP, and optic nerve hypoplasia continue to be the leading causes of severe, uncorrectable visual impairments in children in the United States. ROP appears to be decreasing in prevalence; however, more children with ROP appear to have additional disabilities. The lag of 5.6 months between diagnosis and referral, a longer lag than was previously reported, is of concern.
Implications for practitioners
Information about the characteristics of children with severe uncorrectable visual conditions is valuable for communicating with families, planning and implementing early intervention and educational programs, and collaborating with medical professionals.</description><subject>Blindness</subject><subject>Care and treatment</subject><subject>Child Development</subject><subject>Children & youth</subject><subject>Children with disabilities</subject><subject>Clinical Diagnosis</subject><subject>Demographic aspects</subject><subject>Diagnosis</subject><subject>Early intervention</subject><subject>Incidence</subject><subject>Individual Characteristics</subject><subject>Infants</subject><subject>Intervention</subject><subject>Interviews</subject><subject>Observation</subject><subject>Optics</subject><subject>Outcomes of Education</subject><subject>People with disabilities</subject><subject>Public Agencies</subject><subject>Referral</subject><subject>Risk</subject><subject>Statistical Analysis</subject><subject>Surveys</subject><subject>Toddlers</subject><subject>Vision disorders in children</subject><subject>Visual Acuity</subject><subject>Visual impairment</subject><subject>Visual Impairments</subject><subject>Visually disabled persons</subject><subject>Young Children</subject><issn>0145-482X</issn><issn>1559-1476</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><sourceid>GA5</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kV1rFTEQhoMoeKz-AUFY8MabbTP53stSWj1S8KIfeBdyspOasps9JnsK_nuzHqmfLbmYMPO8yTszhLwGegig9REFIYVhn4ED1ZRKyp6QFUjZtSC0ekpWC9AuxHPyopRbSilwAStydoF3mLG5jmXnhmY9bl3MI6a5NDE16xTccnWpby6nvh8w_8jPX7C5SnHGvrmY3YzlJXkW3FDw1c94QK7OTi9PPrTnn96vT47PWy-UnNvOIxihjOs4CBGYEl0HIIBKxgSlfGOC2QgvoVMKBfQsaNCcOeNpYJue8wPyZv8u5ujtNsfR5W_29CNQ0Iou9Xf7-jZPX3dYZjvG4nEYXMJpVywoWQ1Qo2lF3_6F3k67nKp7yzQXSoDp5GNU7YAJw-v4f1E3bkAbU5jm7PzytT3mohPGaA2VOvwPVU-PY_RTwhBr_g8B2wt8nkrJGO47BmqXvdt_915FR3tRcTf4m9uHFd8BktqmJg</recordid><startdate>20130901</startdate><enddate>20130901</enddate><creator>Hatton, Deborah D.</creator><creator>Ivy, Sarah E.</creator><creator>Boyer, Charles</creator><general>SAGE Publications</general><general>Sage Publications, Inc</general><general>SAGE PUBLICATIONS, INC</general><general>American Foundation for the Blind</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>0-V</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>4T-</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88B</scope><scope>88G</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ALSLI</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>CJNVE</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>K9-</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>M0P</scope><scope>M0R</scope><scope>M2M</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PADUT</scope><scope>PQEDU</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7SW</scope><scope>M2S</scope><scope>ERI</scope><scope>GA5</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20130901</creationdate><title>Severe Visual Impairments in Infants and Toddlers in the United States</title><author>Hatton, Deborah D. ; Ivy, Sarah E. ; Boyer, Charles</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c465t-9ce18468a93144f26499114105224003b8f8b4c51966e41d2f71732a8c0f2bd33</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2013</creationdate><topic>Blindness</topic><topic>Care and treatment</topic><topic>Child Development</topic><topic>Children & youth</topic><topic>Children with disabilities</topic><topic>Clinical Diagnosis</topic><topic>Demographic aspects</topic><topic>Diagnosis</topic><topic>Early intervention</topic><topic>Incidence</topic><topic>Individual Characteristics</topic><topic>Infants</topic><topic>Intervention</topic><topic>Interviews</topic><topic>Observation</topic><topic>Optics</topic><topic>Outcomes of Education</topic><topic>People with disabilities</topic><topic>Public Agencies</topic><topic>Referral</topic><topic>Risk</topic><topic>Statistical Analysis</topic><topic>Surveys</topic><topic>Toddlers</topic><topic>Vision disorders in children</topic><topic>Visual Acuity</topic><topic>Visual impairment</topic><topic>Visual Impairments</topic><topic>Visually disabled persons</topic><topic>Young Children</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Hatton, Deborah D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ivy, Sarah E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Boyer, Charles</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Social Sciences Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Docstoc</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Education Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Psychology Database (Alumni)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Social Science Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Education Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>Consumer Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Education Database (ProQuest)</collection><collection>Consumer Health Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Psychology</collection><collection>Research Library</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Research Library China</collection><collection>ProQuest One Education</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>ProQuest One Psychology</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>ERIC</collection><collection>Sociology Database (ProQuest)</collection><collection>ERIC</collection><collection>ERIC - Full Text Only (Discovery)</collection><jtitle>Journal of visual impairment & blindness</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Hatton, Deborah D.</au><au>Ivy, Sarah E.</au><au>Boyer, Charles</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><ericid>EJ1017603</ericid><atitle>Severe Visual Impairments in Infants and Toddlers in the United States</atitle><jtitle>Journal of visual impairment & blindness</jtitle><date>2013-09-01</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>107</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>325</spage><epage>336</epage><pages>325-336</pages><issn>0145-482X</issn><eissn>1559-1476</eissn><abstract>Introduction
This article describes the most prevalent visual conditions and other demographic characteristics of 5,931 young children with severe visual impairments in 28 states in the United States, the largest sample reported to date. The information presented in this article can assist in planning and implementing programs.
Method
The data were collected at the time of entry into specialized early intervention programs for young children with visual impairments through reviews of records, interviews, and direct observations. They were sent to Babies Count: The National Registry for Children with Visual Impairments, Birth to 3 Years at the American Printing House for the Blind. The data were collected and entered between January 2005 and April 2011.
Results
Cortical visual impairment, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and optic nerve hypoplasia were the three most prevalent diagnoses. Approximately 60% were identified as being legally blind, and 65% had disabilities in addition to visual impairments. The mean age of the children at the time of diagnosis was 4.9 (SD = 5.7) months, referral to specialized programs was at 10.5 (SD = 7.8) months, and entry into specialized programs was at 11.6 (SD = 8.0) months. There was an average lag of 5.6 months between the diagnosis and referral.
Discussion
Cortical visual impairment, ROP, and optic nerve hypoplasia continue to be the leading causes of severe, uncorrectable visual impairments in children in the United States. ROP appears to be decreasing in prevalence; however, more children with ROP appear to have additional disabilities. The lag of 5.6 months between diagnosis and referral, a longer lag than was previously reported, is of concern.
Implications for practitioners
Information about the characteristics of children with severe uncorrectable visual conditions is valuable for communicating with families, planning and implementing early intervention and educational programs, and collaborating with medical professionals.</abstract><cop>Los Angeles, CA</cop><pub>SAGE Publications</pub><doi>10.1177/0145482X1310700502</doi><tpages>12</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Journal of visual impairment & blindness, 2013-09, Vol.107 (5), p.325-336 |
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| source | ERIC - Full Text Only (Discovery); SAGE Complete |
| subjects | Blindness Care and treatment Child Development Children & youth Children with disabilities Clinical Diagnosis Demographic aspects Diagnosis Early intervention Incidence Individual Characteristics Infants Intervention Interviews Observation Optics Outcomes of Education People with disabilities Public Agencies Referral Risk Statistical Analysis Surveys Toddlers Vision disorders in children Visual Acuity Visual impairment Visual Impairments Visually disabled persons Young Children |
| title | Severe Visual Impairments in Infants and Toddlers in the United States |
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