ROAD SIGN EMPLOYING OPTICAL FIBERS

The present invention relates to a road sign employing optical fibers and that is capable of providing various high-definition light patterns via side light-type or end light-type optical fibers, to minimize driver misperception and to greatly improve discerning ability at night or in the rain. In p...

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Hauptverfasser:	PARK, JEOM-BAE, KWON, SUNG-KOOK
Format:	Patent
Sprache:	eng ; fre
Schlagworte:	ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTIONOF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, ORTHE LIKE BLASTING CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS,e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USERAPPLICATIONS CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMSTHEREOF GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS HEATING INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21Sand F21V, RELATING TO THEFORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THELIGHT EMITTED INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21Sand F21V, RELATING TO USESOR APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS LIGHTING MECHANICAL ENGINEERING NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHERARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR SYSTEMS THEREOF TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINSTCLIMATE CHANGE VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLEEXTERIORS WEAPONS
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creator	PARK, JEOM-BAE KWON, SUNG-KOOK
description	The present invention relates to a road sign employing optical fibers and that is capable of providing various high-definition light patterns via side light-type or end light-type optical fibers, to minimize driver misperception and to greatly improve discerning ability at night or in the rain. In particular, the present invention relates to a road sign employing optical fibers, comprising: a base frame having a bowl shape with an open top and defining a predetermined mounting space therein with a floor and side surface thereof; a mirror housing having a semispherical or conical shape installed in the mounting space, and including a reflective surface with high reflectivity formed across an inner surface thereof; a control circuit and battery installed in the mounting space, and at least one LED connected to the control circuit and inserted into the mirror housing; a plate housing made of an insulating material and partially or entirely mounted in the mounting space to provide a horizontal surface sealing the mounting space; at least one optical fiber with one end inserted through the mirror housing to proximately face the at least one LED, and the other end inserted through the plate housing and exposed through the horizontal surface; a brightness sensor and a solar cell connected to the control circuit and mounted on the horizontal surface; a transparent lens covering the optical fiber(s), a brightness sensor, and a solar cell and sealing the top surface of the base frame; and a cover frame having a ring shape covering a perimeter of the lens and fixed to the base frame. La présente invention concerne un panneau routier comprenant des fibres optiques et capable de fournir divers motifs lumineux haute définition grâce à des fibres optiques de type à éclairage latéral et des fibres optiques de type à éclairage d'extrémité, afin de réduire la perception erronée du conducteur et d'améliorer considérablement la visibilité pendant la nuit ou en cas de pluie. En particulier, la présente invention concerne un panneau routier à fibres optiques, lequel comprend: un châssis de base en forme de coupelle ayant une partie supérieure ouverte et définissant un espace de montage prédéterminé comprenant un fond et des surfaces ainsi qu'une surface latérale; un boîtier de rétroviseur de forme semi-sphérique ou conique installé dans l'espace de montage et comprenant une surface réfléchissante ayant un indice de réflexion élevé et ménagée à travers une surface interne; un ci
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In particular, the present invention relates to a road sign employing optical fibers, comprising: a base frame having a bowl shape with an open top and defining a predetermined mounting space therein with a floor and side surface thereof; a mirror housing having a semispherical or conical shape installed in the mounting space, and including a reflective surface with high reflectivity formed across an inner surface thereof; a control circuit and battery installed in the mounting space, and at least one LED connected to the control circuit and inserted into the mirror housing; a plate housing made of an insulating material and partially or entirely mounted in the mounting space to provide a horizontal surface sealing the mounting space; at least one optical fiber with one end inserted through the mirror housing to proximately face the at least one LED, and the other end inserted through the plate housing and exposed through the horizontal surface; a brightness sensor and a solar cell connected to the control circuit and mounted on the horizontal surface; a transparent lens covering the optical fiber(s), a brightness sensor, and a solar cell and sealing the top surface of the base frame; and a cover frame having a ring shape covering a perimeter of the lens and fixed to the base frame. La présente invention concerne un panneau routier comprenant des fibres optiques et capable de fournir divers motifs lumineux haute définition grâce à des fibres optiques de type à éclairage latéral et des fibres optiques de type à éclairage d'extrémité, afin de réduire la perception erronée du conducteur et d'améliorer considérablement la visibilité pendant la nuit ou en cas de pluie. En particulier, la présente invention concerne un panneau routier à fibres optiques, lequel comprend: un châssis de base en forme de coupelle ayant une partie supérieure ouverte et définissant un espace de montage prédéterminé comprenant un fond et des surfaces ainsi qu'une surface latérale; un boîtier de rétroviseur de forme semi-sphérique ou conique installé dans l'espace de montage et comprenant une surface réfléchissante ayant un indice de réflexion élevé et ménagée à travers une surface interne; un circuit de commande et une batterie installés dans l'espace de montage et au moins une DEL connectée au circuit de commande et insérée dans le boîtier de rétroviseur; un logement de plaque réalisé à partir d'un matériau isolant et totalement ou partiellement monté dans l'espace de montage afin de constituer une surface horizontale scellant l'espace de montage; au moins une fibre optique dont une extrémité est insérée à travers le logement de miroir de manière à être placée pratiquement en face de ladite DEL, et l'autre extrémité est insérée à travers le logement de plaque et exposée à travers la surface horizontale; un détecteur de luminosité et une pile solaire connectés au circuit de commande et montés sur la surface horizontale; une lentille transparente recouvrant la ou les fibres optiques, un détecteur de luminosité et une pile solaire, et conçue pour assurer l'étanchéité de la surface supérieure du châssis de base; et un cadre de couverture présentant une forme annulaire recouvrant un périmètre de la lentille et fixé au châssis de base.</description><language>eng ; fre</language><subject>ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTIONOF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, ORTHE LIKE ; BLASTING ; CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS,e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USERAPPLICATIONS ; CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES ; FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS ; FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMSTHEREOF ; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC ; GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS ; HEATING ; INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21Sand F21V, RELATING TO THEFORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THELIGHT EMITTED ; INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21Sand F21V, RELATING TO USESOR APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS ; LIGHTING ; MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ; NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES ; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHERARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR ; SYSTEMS THEREOF ; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS ; TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINSTCLIMATE CHANGE ; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLEEXTERIORS ; WEAPONS</subject><creationdate>2011</creationdate><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?FT=D&date=20110324&DB=EPODOC&CC=WO&NR=2011002159A3$$EHTML$$P50$$Gepo$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,308,776,881,25542,76290</link.rule.ids><linktorsrc>$$Uhttps://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?FT=D&date=20110324&DB=EPODOC&CC=WO&NR=2011002159A3$$EView_record_in_European_Patent_Office$$FView_record_in_$$GEuropean_Patent_Office$$Hfree_for_read</linktorsrc></links><search><creatorcontrib>PARK, JEOM-BAE</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>KWON, SUNG-KOOK</creatorcontrib><title>ROAD SIGN EMPLOYING OPTICAL FIBERS</title><description>The present invention relates to a road sign employing optical fibers and that is capable of providing various high-definition light patterns via side light-type or end light-type optical fibers, to minimize driver misperception and to greatly improve discerning ability at night or in the rain. In particular, the present invention relates to a road sign employing optical fibers, comprising: a base frame having a bowl shape with an open top and defining a predetermined mounting space therein with a floor and side surface thereof; a mirror housing having a semispherical or conical shape installed in the mounting space, and including a reflective surface with high reflectivity formed across an inner surface thereof; a control circuit and battery installed in the mounting space, and at least one LED connected to the control circuit and inserted into the mirror housing; a plate housing made of an insulating material and partially or entirely mounted in the mounting space to provide a horizontal surface sealing the mounting space; at least one optical fiber with one end inserted through the mirror housing to proximately face the at least one LED, and the other end inserted through the plate housing and exposed through the horizontal surface; a brightness sensor and a solar cell connected to the control circuit and mounted on the horizontal surface; a transparent lens covering the optical fiber(s), a brightness sensor, and a solar cell and sealing the top surface of the base frame; and a cover frame having a ring shape covering a perimeter of the lens and fixed to the base frame. La présente invention concerne un panneau routier comprenant des fibres optiques et capable de fournir divers motifs lumineux haute définition grâce à des fibres optiques de type à éclairage latéral et des fibres optiques de type à éclairage d'extrémité, afin de réduire la perception erronée du conducteur et d'améliorer considérablement la visibilité pendant la nuit ou en cas de pluie. En particulier, la présente invention concerne un panneau routier à fibres optiques, lequel comprend: un châssis de base en forme de coupelle ayant une partie supérieure ouverte et définissant un espace de montage prédéterminé comprenant un fond et des surfaces ainsi qu'une surface latérale; un boîtier de rétroviseur de forme semi-sphérique ou conique installé dans l'espace de montage et comprenant une surface réfléchissante ayant un indice de réflexion élevé et ménagée à travers une surface interne; un circuit de commande et une batterie installés dans l'espace de montage et au moins une DEL connectée au circuit de commande et insérée dans le boîtier de rétroviseur; un logement de plaque réalisé à partir d'un matériau isolant et totalement ou partiellement monté dans l'espace de montage afin de constituer une surface horizontale scellant l'espace de montage; au moins une fibre optique dont une extrémité est insérée à travers le logement de miroir de manière à être placée pratiquement en face de ladite DEL, et l'autre extrémité est insérée à travers le logement de plaque et exposée à travers la surface horizontale; un détecteur de luminosité et une pile solaire connectés au circuit de commande et montés sur la surface horizontale; une lentille transparente recouvrant la ou les fibres optiques, un détecteur de luminosité et une pile solaire, et conçue pour assurer l'étanchéité de la surface supérieure du châssis de base; et un cadre de couverture présentant une forme annulaire recouvrant un périmètre de la lentille et fixé au châssis de base.</description><subject>ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTIONOF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, ORTHE LIKE</subject><subject>BLASTING</subject><subject>CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS,e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USERAPPLICATIONS</subject><subject>CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES</subject><subject>FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS</subject><subject>FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMSTHEREOF</subject><subject>GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC</subject><subject>GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS</subject><subject>HEATING</subject><subject>INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21Sand F21V, RELATING TO THEFORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THELIGHT EMITTED</subject><subject>INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21Sand F21V, RELATING TO USESOR APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS</subject><subject>LIGHTING</subject><subject>MECHANICAL ENGINEERING</subject><subject>NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES</subject><subject>STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHERARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR</subject><subject>SYSTEMS THEREOF</subject><subject>TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS</subject><subject>TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINSTCLIMATE CHANGE</subject><subject>VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLEEXTERIORS</subject><subject>WEAPONS</subject><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>patent</rsrctype><creationdate>2011</creationdate><recordtype>patent</recordtype><sourceid>EVB</sourceid><recordid>eNrjZFAK8nd0UQj2dPdTcPUN8PGP9PRzV_APCPF0dvRRcPN0cg0K5mFgTUvMKU7lhdLcDMpuriHOHrqpBfnxqcUFicmpeakl8eH-RgaGhgYGRoamlo7GxsSpAgC3ViM5</recordid><startdate>20110324</startdate><enddate>20110324</enddate><creator>PARK, JEOM-BAE</creator><creator>KWON, SUNG-KOOK</creator><scope>EVB</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20110324</creationdate><title>ROAD SIGN EMPLOYING OPTICAL FIBERS</title><author>PARK, JEOM-BAE ; KWON, SUNG-KOOK</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-epo_espacenet_WO2011002159A33</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>patents</rsrctype><prefilter>patents</prefilter><language>eng ; fre</language><creationdate>2011</creationdate><topic>ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTIONOF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, ORTHE LIKE</topic><topic>BLASTING</topic><topic>CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS,e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USERAPPLICATIONS</topic><topic>CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES</topic><topic>FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS</topic><topic>FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMSTHEREOF</topic><topic>GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC</topic><topic>GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS</topic><topic>HEATING</topic><topic>INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21Sand F21V, RELATING TO THEFORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THELIGHT EMITTED</topic><topic>INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21Sand F21V, RELATING TO USESOR APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS</topic><topic>LIGHTING</topic><topic>MECHANICAL ENGINEERING</topic><topic>NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES</topic><topic>STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHERARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR</topic><topic>SYSTEMS THEREOF</topic><topic>TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS</topic><topic>TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINSTCLIMATE CHANGE</topic><topic>VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLEEXTERIORS</topic><topic>WEAPONS</topic><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>PARK, JEOM-BAE</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>KWON, SUNG-KOOK</creatorcontrib><collection>esp@cenet</collection></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext_linktorsrc</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>PARK, JEOM-BAE</au><au>KWON, SUNG-KOOK</au><format>patent</format><genre>patent</genre><ristype>GEN</ristype><title>ROAD SIGN EMPLOYING OPTICAL FIBERS</title><date>2011-03-24</date><risdate>2011</risdate><abstract>The present invention relates to a road sign employing optical fibers and that is capable of providing various high-definition light patterns via side light-type or end light-type optical fibers, to minimize driver misperception and to greatly improve discerning ability at night or in the rain. In particular, the present invention relates to a road sign employing optical fibers, comprising: a base frame having a bowl shape with an open top and defining a predetermined mounting space therein with a floor and side surface thereof; a mirror housing having a semispherical or conical shape installed in the mounting space, and including a reflective surface with high reflectivity formed across an inner surface thereof; a control circuit and battery installed in the mounting space, and at least one LED connected to the control circuit and inserted into the mirror housing; a plate housing made of an insulating material and partially or entirely mounted in the mounting space to provide a horizontal surface sealing the mounting space; at least one optical fiber with one end inserted through the mirror housing to proximately face the at least one LED, and the other end inserted through the plate housing and exposed through the horizontal surface; a brightness sensor and a solar cell connected to the control circuit and mounted on the horizontal surface; a transparent lens covering the optical fiber(s), a brightness sensor, and a solar cell and sealing the top surface of the base frame; and a cover frame having a ring shape covering a perimeter of the lens and fixed to the base frame. La présente invention concerne un panneau routier comprenant des fibres optiques et capable de fournir divers motifs lumineux haute définition grâce à des fibres optiques de type à éclairage latéral et des fibres optiques de type à éclairage d'extrémité, afin de réduire la perception erronée du conducteur et d'améliorer considérablement la visibilité pendant la nuit ou en cas de pluie. En particulier, la présente invention concerne un panneau routier à fibres optiques, lequel comprend: un châssis de base en forme de coupelle ayant une partie supérieure ouverte et définissant un espace de montage prédéterminé comprenant un fond et des surfaces ainsi qu'une surface latérale; un boîtier de rétroviseur de forme semi-sphérique ou conique installé dans l'espace de montage et comprenant une surface réfléchissante ayant un indice de réflexion élevé et ménagée à travers une surface interne; un circuit de commande et une batterie installés dans l'espace de montage et au moins une DEL connectée au circuit de commande et insérée dans le boîtier de rétroviseur; un logement de plaque réalisé à partir d'un matériau isolant et totalement ou partiellement monté dans l'espace de montage afin de constituer une surface horizontale scellant l'espace de montage; au moins une fibre optique dont une extrémité est insérée à travers le logement de miroir de manière à être placée pratiquement en face de ladite DEL, et l'autre extrémité est insérée à travers le logement de plaque et exposée à travers la surface horizontale; un détecteur de luminosité et une pile solaire connectés au circuit de commande et montés sur la surface horizontale; une lentille transparente recouvrant la ou les fibres optiques, un détecteur de luminosité et une pile solaire, et conçue pour assurer l'étanchéité de la surface supérieure du châssis de base; et un cadre de couverture présentant une forme annulaire recouvrant un périmètre de la lentille et fixé au châssis de base.</abstract><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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subjects	ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTIONOF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, ORTHE LIKE BLASTING CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS,e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USERAPPLICATIONS CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMSTHEREOF GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS HEATING INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21Sand F21V, RELATING TO THEFORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THELIGHT EMITTED INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21Sand F21V, RELATING TO USESOR APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS LIGHTING MECHANICAL ENGINEERING NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHERARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR SYSTEMS THEREOF TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINSTCLIMATE CHANGE VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLEEXTERIORS WEAPONS
title	ROAD SIGN EMPLOYING OPTICAL FIBERS
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