Electromagnetic antenna

An electromagnetic antenna includes a multiply connected surface, such as a toroidal surface; a first conductive loop proximate to the toroidal surface; a second conductive loop proximate to the toroidal surface; first and second signal carrying terminals electrically or magnetically connected to the first and second conductive loops, respectively; and a plurality of conductive transceiver elements, such as plural pairs of contrawound insulated conductor windings. Each pair of the contrawound insulated conductor windings has a first end, a plurality of turns, and a second end, and extends around and at least partially about the toroidal surface. Each pair of these windings is electrically connected to the first and second conductive loops. The first end of the windings is electrically connected to one of the first and second conductive loops, and the second end of the windings is electrically connected to the other of the first and second conductive loops.