APPARATUS AND METHODS TO PROVIDE A SCALABLE AND FLEXIBLE HIGH CHANNEL DENSITY NEURAL INTERFACE

An apparatus includes a flexible, electrically conducting layer disposed between a first flexible electrically insulating layer and a second flexible electrically insulating layer. At least one of the first electrically insulating layer, the electrically conducting layer, or the second electrically insulating layer includes multiple recesses defined therein, the recesses collectively having a predefined pattern. The apparatus also includes protrusions in the form of penetrating beam structures capable of accessing deep tissue structures, and at least one electrical access site electrically coupled to the electrically conducting layer, forming an electrode site. The apparatus also includes microelectronic circuitry/coils and components to serve as an implantable, flexible, conformally adjustable, interface for stimulating and/or recording electrical activity in biological tissue.