Analytical compositions including nanometer-sized transducers, methods to make thereof, and devices therefrom

Disclosed is an analytical composition comprising a carrier coupled to an analytical transducer nanoparticle and a selector. Disclosed also are methods to make the analytical compositions. The analytical compositions are useful in detection and/or quantification of analytes, such as chemical compounds, biological species, and the like. The selector renders the analytical composition specific to the analyte in question. The detection and/or quantification of the analytical compositions, thus the analytes, occur by virtue of the analytical transducer nanoparticle.