Storage service supporting data transformations

A storage service is configured to receive one or more instructions specifying transformations that are to be applied to data sets stored by the storage service when the data sets are made available outside of particular storage locations within the storage service. In response to triggering events that make the data sets available outside of the particular storage locations, the storage services causes the transformations to be performed on the data sets prior to the data sets being accessible at one or more destination locations outside of the particular storage locations where the data sets are stored. In some embodiments, the transformations are performed on hardware included in the storage service or are performed on external hardware at the direction of the storage service.