Process for the control of the temperature in chemical reactors by the indirect exchange of heat by means of water under pressure

952,183. Heating and cooling systems for chemical reaction vessels. BADISCHE ANILIN- & SODA-FABRIK A.G. June 30, 1960 [July 1, 1959], No. 22887/60. Heading F4U. A heat transfer liquid, e.g. water, circulating through a system including a chemical reactor 6 and a main vessel 1, is maintained at a pressure sufficient to prevent any substantial formation of steam bubbles in the liquid chambers around the reactor. In the apparatus shown, the temperature of the circulating water is regulated by a thermally responsive element 19 which controls the operation of a cooling coil 17 and a heating coil 18 in the vessel 1 to maintain a constant water temperature in the system. Above the vessel 1 is an auxiliary vessel 2 connected with the vessel 1 by a narrow pipe 3 permits the water in the vessel 2 to be maintained at ambient temperature by a small cooling coil 10. Pressure of a gas such as nitrogen in a vessel 11 is transmitted to the space above the water in vessel 2 and hence to the circulating water throughout the system. The gas pressure is maintained constant at a pressure sufficient to prevent the formation of steam bubbles by a regulator 12. The water level in the vessel 2 is maintained constant by a float 14 which regulates make-up water supply and discharge valves 15, 16 connected into the water circulating system. In the process described for carrying away the heat of an exothermic chemical reaction, the water flowing in the reactor jackets 5 serves to heat up the reacting substances at the inlet end of the reactor and at the same time to withdraw heat generated in the middle and at the outlet end of the reactor