CONCRETE AND TUBE HOT THERMAL EXCHANGE AND ENERGY STORE (TXES) INCLUDING TEMPERATURE GRADIENT CONTROL TECHNIQUES

A thermal exchange and storage, in short TXES, element comprises exchange and storage, in short TXES, element comprises a matrix material substrate, one or more flue passageways formed in the matrix material substrate to provide for a flow of a heated source fluid through the TXES element, the heated source fluid provided from a heat source, and one or more working fluid tubes positioned in the matrix material substrate separate from the one or more flue passageways to provide for a flow of a working fluid through the TXES element. A transfer of thermal energy between the heated source fluid and the working fluid occurs via the matrix material substrate, and the one or more flue passageways are cast into the matrix material substrate and an inner surface of each of the one or more flue passageways comprises a corrosion resistance material. The corrosion resistance material is in direct contact with the matrix material substrate and the heated source fluid, and multiple of the TXES elements) can be stacked in parallel and/or placed in series.