Carbon dioxide trapping method and system with low energy consumption and high trapping rate

The carbon dioxide trapping method and trapping system provided by the invention are low in energy consumption and high in trapping rate, and are beneficial to reducing the energy consumption and improving the trapping rate. The method comprises the following steps: introducing cooled and adsorbed flue gas into an adsorption tower which completes a desorption link, carrying out cooling operation on the adsorption tower in the adsorption link, and carrying out secondary adsorption treatment on the cooled and adsorbed flue gas in the adsorption tower; the adsorption tower subjected to the cooling operation is subjected to boosting operation; then introducing the to-be-adsorbed flue gas which is sequentially subjected to primary pressurization, primary heat exchange with the adsorbed flue gas for cooling, secondary pressurization in the excess pressure recycling machine and secondary heat exchange with the circulating gas for cooling into an adsorption tower for adsorption treatment until adsorption saturation i