Closed electric cabinet cooling system and method in specific cabin of ship

The invention discloses a cooling and heat dissipation system and method for a closed electric cabinet in a specific cabin of a ship, and the system comprises a cold end heat dissipation assembly which is connected with the cold end of a semiconductor chilling plate and is used for forcing air in the electric cabinet to circularly flow through a fan for heat exchange. The hot end heat dissipation assembly is connected with the hot end of the semiconductor chilling plate and conducts heat exchange through liquid circulation, and the power module supplies power to the control system. When the electronic equipment in the electric cabinet is stopped, heat stored in the cooling liquid in the liquid storage tank is released by performing reverse power generation treatment on the semiconductor chilling plate, and the environment in the electric cabinet is heated by utilizing waste heat generated by transferring heat absorbed by the hot end of the semiconductor chilling plate to the cold end of the semiconductor chil