Emergency sealing device and method for preventing shield tail from gushing water and sand and shield equipment

The invention provides an emergency sealing device and method for preventing a shield tail from gushing water and sand and shield equipment. According to the emergency sealing device, in the normal tunneling process of a shield tunneling machine, an air bag is in a contraction state; when the shield tunneling machine is affected by damage of a shield tail brush or formation of a channel through forward movement and solidification of mortar and the like, water and sand burst out of a gap between a shield tail and a duct piece, the air bag is inflated by the air inflation unit, and the emergency sealing device can be integrated into shield tunneling equipment through the installation and use method of the emergency sealing device. After the air bag expands, the gap between the shield tail and the duct piece is quickly sealed, the connection between the interior of the shield tail and the exterior of the shield tail is quickly isolated, external water, silt and the like are prevented from rushing into the shield