Surgical probe sensing system based on cascade connection of FP cavity and FBG grating

The invention provides a surgical probe sensing system based on cascade connection of an FP cavity and an FBG grating, the surgical probe sensing system comprises a light source, a circulator, a spectrometer and a surgical probe, an optical fiber cascade sensor formed by cascade connection of the FP cavity and the FBG grating is embedded in the surgical probe, the circulator is connected with the optical fiber cascade sensor, and the light source and the spectrometer are connected with the circulator; wherein the optical fiber cascade sensor comprises an FBG (fiber bragg grating) optical fiber sensor and an FP (Fabry-Perot) optical fiber sensor, and the FBG optical fiber sensor in the optical fiber cascade sensor is connected to the circulator. The optical fiber Fabry-Perot sensor is prepared by adopting chemical corrosion, the optical fiber Bragg grating sensor is prepared by adopting femtosecond laser, and the F-P sensor and the FBG sensor are cascaded to form the optical fiber cascade sensor, so that the s