Simulation test device and method for simulating underground excavation of subway station

The invention discloses a simulation test device and method for simulating an underground excavation subway station, in the simulation test device, a model box body, a station arch cover model, a station main body model and a monitoring device are arranged, the station arch cover model and the station main body model are arranged in the model box body, the station arch cover model is arranged on the station main body model, and the monitoring device is arranged on the station arch cover model. The station arch cover model and the station main body model are placed in the model box body through soil filling; and the monitoring device monitors the settlement of the arch cover part and the change of the stress in the excavation and tunneling process. In the simulation test method, simulation excavation is carried out on the combined model box, including excavation and lining work on the station arch cover model and the station main body model part, various data are monitored through the monitoring device, and a