LOW COST AIR ELECTRODES

Systems and methods of the various embodiments may provide low cost bifunctional air electrodes. Various embodiments may provide a bifunctional air electrode, including a metal substrate and particles of metal and/or metal oxide catalyst and/or metal nitride catalyst coated on the metal substrate. Various embodiments may provide a bifunctional air electrode, including a first portion configured to engage an oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in a discharge mode and a second portion configured to engage an oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in a charge mode. Various embodiments may provide a method for making an air electrode including coating a metal substrate with particles of metal and/or metal oxide catalyst and/or metal nitride catalyst. Various embodiments may provide batteries including air electrodes. 各种实施方案的系统和方法可以提供低成本的双功能空气电极。各种实施方案可以提供双功能空气电极，其包括金属基底和涂覆在金属基底上的金属颗粒和/或金属氧化物催化剂颗粒和/或金属氮化物催化剂颗粒。各种实施方案可以提供双功能空气电极，其包括第一部分，配置为在放电模式中进行氧还原反应(ORR)；以及第二部分，配置为在充电模式中进行析氧反应(OER)。各种实施方案可以提供制造空气电极的方法，包括用金属颗粒和/或金属氧化物催化剂颗粒