Underground data processing device and system

One or more embodiments of the present specification provide an underground data processing device and system, comprising: a first processing unit, which, on one hand, receives encoded downlink control data sent by a ground processing unit, decodes the encoded downlink control data to obtain downlink control data, and sends the downlink control data to a second processing unit, so that the second processing unit is used for analyzing the downlink control data to obtain a control instruction and sending the control instruction to a corresponding data measuring instrument; on the other hand, uplink observation data sent by the second processing unit are received, the uplink observation data are coded to obtain coded uplink observation data, and the coded uplink observation data are sent to the ground processing unit. According to the embodiment of the invention, the observation data acquired by various underground data measuring instruments can be uniformly collected and reported to the ground part, meanwhile,