Deviation rectifying device and deviation rectifying method for bridge installation

The invention discloses a deviation rectifying device and a deviation rectifying method for bridge installation. The deviation rectifying device comprises a top plate, a bottom plate, an elastic assembly, an adjusting assembly and a locking piece, wherein the top plate and the bottom plate are oppositely arranged, and a rectifying plate used for being connected with a bridge is detachably connected to the upper portion of the top plate through a connecting piece; the elastic assembly is connected between the top plate and the bottom plate, and the elastic assembly is installed between the topplate and the bottom plate; the adjusting assembly comprises a rotating shaft located between the top plate and the bottom plate, and a plurality of winding ropes with one ends being fixedly connectedwith the top plate or the bottom plate are wound on the rotating shaft; and the locking piece is used for locking the position of the rotating shaft and is arranged on the top plate or the bottom plate. The deviation rectifyi