Satellite-ground quantum key distribution synchronization method and device based on aperiodic synchronization light

The quantum key distribution synchronization method comprises the following steps: a transmitting end encodes a periodic synchronization pulse and then converts the encoded periodic synchronization pulse into an aperiodic synchronization pulse; the aperiodic synchronous pulse drives the laser to generate aperiodic synchronous light, and sends the aperiodic synchronous light to the receiving end; and the receiving end performs synchronous light time measurement and performs synchronous light matching to realize quantum signal synchronization. According to the synchronization method provided bythe invention, the transmitting end encodes the random sequence into the synchronization light, the receiving end decodes the detected synchronization light to obtain the random sequence, and synchronization of the synchronization light is completed through matching of the random sequence, so that resource use of the transmitting end is reduced, data interaction between the transmitting end and the receiving end is reduce