Redox flow battery with carbon dioxide based redox couple

A redox flow battery where the negative electrode uses carbon dioxide based redox couples. The negative electrode contains a bifunctional catalyst that allows for the reduction of carbon dioxide to carbonaceous species (e.g., formic acid, oxalic acid or their salts) in the battery charge (i.e., energy storage) mode, and for the oxidation of the above-mentioned carbonaceous species in the battery discharge (i.e., energy generation) mode. The positive electrode of the battery can utilize a variety of redox couples including but not restricted to bromine-bromide, chlorine-chloride, vanadium (IV)-vanadium (V), chromium (III)-dichromate (VII), cerium (III) - cerium (IV), oxygen - water (or hydroxide). 种氧化还原液流电池，其中负电极使用基于二氧化碳的氧化还原对。负电极包含双功能催化剂，其允许在电池充电(即能量储存)模式下将二氧化碳还原成含碳种类(例如，甲酸、草酸或其盐)和在电池放电(即，能量产生)模式下使上述含碳种类氧化。电池的正电极可以利用多种氧化还原对，包括但不限于溴-溴化物、氯-氯化物、钒(IV)-钒(V)、铬(III)-重铬酸根(VII)、铈(III)-铈(IV)、氧-水(或氢氧根)。