Technology for synthesizing ethyl formate through formic acid and ethyl alcohol and purifying ethyl formate

The invention relates to a technology for synthesizing ethyl formate through formic acid and ethyl alcohol and purifying ethyl formate. The technology comprises the steps that formic acid and ethyl alcohol are mixed, and the mixture is preheated and subjected to a pre-reaction in a pre-reactor and then enters a reactive distillation tower for an esterification reaction; after a crude product on the tower top sequentially enters two stages of extraction towers to be extracted, a qualified product is obtained on the top of the second-stage extraction tower; the main ingredients of a raffinate phase at the bottom of the first-stage extraction tower are a first-stage extracting agent and ethyl alcohol, the raffinate phase enters an ethyl alcohol recycling tower for ethyl alcohol recycling, and the first-stage extracting agent is obtained and recycled at the bottom of the ethyl alcohol recycling tower; the main ingredients of a raffinate phase at the bottom of the second-stage extraction tower are a second-stage e