Tunnel automatic monitoring system and method

The invention relates to a tunnel automatic monitoring system and method. The system comprises a sensor group, a data bus and an automatic acquisition box, wherein the sensor group is arranged on each fracture surface of a tunnel, acquires displacement deformation and soil pressure change of the tunnel and transmits the displacement deformation and the soil pressure change to the automatic acquisition box through the data bus, and the automatic acquisition box processes acquired signals and transmits the signals to a remote server in a wireless or wired transmission mode; and a soil pressure box and a multipoint displacement meter are arranged on the cross section of the tunnel, each sensor is arranged at the bottom end of the top portion of the tunnel, wires are introduced nearby to the bottom of the tunnel, and the wire of each sensor of each fracture surface is connected in series to form the data bus. According to the invention, each sensor at a front end is connected by use of a single bus mode, the reliability and stability are high, the cost is saved, at the same time, onsite laying and later maintenance are facilitated, money is saved, and trouble and worries are reduced; the system establishment mode is flexible and diverse, upgrading at any time can be realized according to needs, and the system compatibility is high.