PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION OF FATTY ACIDS, FATTY ACID ESTERS ANDSTEROLESTERS FROM SOAPSTOCK

The invention relates to a first process for production of fatty acids di rectly from any soapstock generated in the alkali refining process comprisin g of a) adding a lipase directly to the alkaline soapstock to facilitate hyd rolysis of mono-,di- and triglycerides without prior neutralisation b) n...

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Hauptverfasser: KEMPERS, PETER, BUENO DE ALMEIDA, WANDERSON, SATO, SETSUO, SHIGUERU ARAUJO, ALEXSSANDER, SCHOERKEN, ULRICH, SILVA BIZZARRI, PABLO, WOLF, THOMAS
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creator KEMPERS, PETER
BUENO DE ALMEIDA, WANDERSON
SATO, SETSUO
SHIGUERU ARAUJO, ALEXSSANDER
SCHOERKEN, ULRICH
SILVA BIZZARRI, PABLO
WOLF, THOMAS
description The invention relates to a first process for production of fatty acids di rectly from any soapstock generated in the alkali refining process comprisin g of a) adding a lipase directly to the alkaline soapstock to facilitate hyd rolysis of mono-,di- and triglycerides without prior neutralisation b) neutr alizing and splitting the soaps with strong acids until reaching pH 1-6, c) separating the fatty acid phase from the aqueous by settling and/or centrifu gation. In a second embodiment a second process for production of fatty acid s directly from any soapstock is subject of the invention. This process comp rises i) neutralizing and splitting the soaps with strong acids until reachi ng pH 1-6 ii) adding a lipase to facilitate mono-/di-/triglyceride hydrolysi s iii) separating the fatty acid phase from the aqueous by settling and / or centrifugation In a further subject matter the invention deals with the use of said fatty acids for enzymatic or chemical synthesis of C1 to C6 alcanol esters and / or for chemical dimerisation of the fatty acids. As a conseque nce the invention also refers to a process for obtaining sterolesters and/or fatty acid esters characterized in that the fatty acids obtained according to the processes for production of fatty acids directly from any soapstock a s aforementioned described are a) esterified with C1 to C6 alkanol with a Li pase that is selective for fatty acids and does not transesterify the sterol esters b) the fatty acid esters are separated from the sterolesters by disti llation The use of said sterolesters for animal feed, food, health foods and as pharmaceutical agent for lowering cholesterol and/or as precursor for st eroid synthesis as well as the use of said fatty acid esters as solvent, for the production of fatty alcohols, as biofuel, and biodiesel, as plastisicer or for dimerization is also subject of the invention.
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fullrecord <record><control><sourceid>epo_EVB</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_epo_espacenet_CA2657180A1</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>CA2657180A1</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-epo_espacenet_CA2657180A13</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNrjZAgPCPJ3dg0OVnDzD1IAsl1CnUM8_f0U_N0U3BxDQiIVHJ09XYJ1kDgKrsEhrkHBCo5-LiCGvw-U7xbk76sQ7O8YEBzi7-zNw8CalphTnMoLpbkZFNxcQ5w9dFML8uNTiwsSk1PzUkvinR2NzEzNDS0MHA2NiVACAHbDMLQ</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>patent</recordtype></control><display><type>patent</type><title>PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION OF FATTY ACIDS, FATTY ACID ESTERS ANDSTEROLESTERS FROM SOAPSTOCK</title><source>esp@cenet</source><creator>KEMPERS, PETER ; BUENO DE ALMEIDA, WANDERSON ; SATO, SETSUO ; SHIGUERU ARAUJO, ALEXSSANDER ; SCHOERKEN, ULRICH ; SILVA BIZZARRI, PABLO ; WOLF, THOMAS</creator><creatorcontrib>KEMPERS, PETER ; BUENO DE ALMEIDA, WANDERSON ; SATO, SETSUO ; SHIGUERU ARAUJO, ALEXSSANDER ; SCHOERKEN, ULRICH ; SILVA BIZZARRI, PABLO ; WOLF, THOMAS</creatorcontrib><description>The invention relates to a first process for production of fatty acids di rectly from any soapstock generated in the alkali refining process comprisin g of a) adding a lipase directly to the alkaline soapstock to facilitate hyd rolysis of mono-,di- and triglycerides without prior neutralisation b) neutr alizing and splitting the soaps with strong acids until reaching pH 1-6, c) separating the fatty acid phase from the aqueous by settling and/or centrifu gation. In a second embodiment a second process for production of fatty acid s directly from any soapstock is subject of the invention. This process comp rises i) neutralizing and splitting the soaps with strong acids until reachi ng pH 1-6 ii) adding a lipase to facilitate mono-/di-/triglyceride hydrolysi s iii) separating the fatty acid phase from the aqueous by settling and / or centrifugation In a further subject matter the invention deals with the use of said fatty acids for enzymatic or chemical synthesis of C1 to C6 alcanol esters and / or for chemical dimerisation of the fatty acids. As a conseque nce the invention also refers to a process for obtaining sterolesters and/or fatty acid esters characterized in that the fatty acids obtained according to the processes for production of fatty acids directly from any soapstock a s aforementioned described are a) esterified with C1 to C6 alkanol with a Li pase that is selective for fatty acids and does not transesterify the sterol esters b) the fatty acid esters are separated from the sterolesters by disti llation The use of said sterolesters for animal feed, food, health foods and as pharmaceutical agent for lowering cholesterol and/or as precursor for st eroid synthesis as well as the use of said fatty acid esters as solvent, for the production of fatty alcohols, as biofuel, and biodiesel, as plastisicer or for dimerization is also subject of the invention.</description><language>eng ; fre</language><subject>ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES AND WAXES ; CANDLES ; CHEMISTRY ; CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION ORPROCESSING OF GOODS ; CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATERTREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT ; CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS ; DETERGENTS ; ESSENTIAL OILS ; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS,OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM ; FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES ; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM ; FODDER ; FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS ; FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BYSUBCLASSES A23B - A23J ; FUELS ; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC ; GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS ; HUMAN NECESSITIES ; LUBRICANTS ; METALLURGY ; MINERAL WAXES ; PEAT ; PERFUMES ; PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES ; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL ; PRODUCING (PRESSING, EXTRACTION), REFINING AND PRESERVINGFATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES (e.g. LANOLIN), FATTY OILS AND WAXES,INCLUDING EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS ; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVEHYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION ; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, ORGASES ; REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGYGENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION ; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS ; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA ; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE ; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS ; TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINSTCLIMATE CHANGE ; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OFNUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT ; THEIR TREATMENT, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES</subject><creationdate>2008</creationdate><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?FT=D&amp;date=20080110&amp;DB=EPODOC&amp;CC=CA&amp;NR=2657180A1$$EHTML$$P50$$Gepo$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,308,776,881,25543,76293</link.rule.ids><linktorsrc>$$Uhttps://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?FT=D&amp;date=20080110&amp;DB=EPODOC&amp;CC=CA&amp;NR=2657180A1$$EView_record_in_European_Patent_Office$$FView_record_in_$$GEuropean_Patent_Office$$Hfree_for_read</linktorsrc></links><search><creatorcontrib>KEMPERS, PETER</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>BUENO DE ALMEIDA, WANDERSON</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>SATO, SETSUO</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>SHIGUERU ARAUJO, ALEXSSANDER</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>SCHOERKEN, ULRICH</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>SILVA BIZZARRI, PABLO</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>WOLF, THOMAS</creatorcontrib><title>PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION OF FATTY ACIDS, FATTY ACID ESTERS ANDSTEROLESTERS FROM SOAPSTOCK</title><description>The invention relates to a first process for production of fatty acids di rectly from any soapstock generated in the alkali refining process comprisin g of a) adding a lipase directly to the alkaline soapstock to facilitate hyd rolysis of mono-,di- and triglycerides without prior neutralisation b) neutr alizing and splitting the soaps with strong acids until reaching pH 1-6, c) separating the fatty acid phase from the aqueous by settling and/or centrifu gation. In a second embodiment a second process for production of fatty acid s directly from any soapstock is subject of the invention. This process comp rises i) neutralizing and splitting the soaps with strong acids until reachi ng pH 1-6 ii) adding a lipase to facilitate mono-/di-/triglyceride hydrolysi s iii) separating the fatty acid phase from the aqueous by settling and / or centrifugation In a further subject matter the invention deals with the use of said fatty acids for enzymatic or chemical synthesis of C1 to C6 alcanol esters and / or for chemical dimerisation of the fatty acids. As a conseque nce the invention also refers to a process for obtaining sterolesters and/or fatty acid esters characterized in that the fatty acids obtained according to the processes for production of fatty acids directly from any soapstock a s aforementioned described are a) esterified with C1 to C6 alkanol with a Li pase that is selective for fatty acids and does not transesterify the sterol esters b) the fatty acid esters are separated from the sterolesters by disti llation The use of said sterolesters for animal feed, food, health foods and as pharmaceutical agent for lowering cholesterol and/or as precursor for st eroid synthesis as well as the use of said fatty acid esters as solvent, for the production of fatty alcohols, as biofuel, and biodiesel, as plastisicer or for dimerization is also subject of the invention.</description><subject>ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES AND WAXES</subject><subject>CANDLES</subject><subject>CHEMISTRY</subject><subject>CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION ORPROCESSING OF GOODS</subject><subject>CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATERTREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT</subject><subject>CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS</subject><subject>DETERGENTS</subject><subject>ESSENTIAL OILS</subject><subject>FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS,OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM</subject><subject>FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES</subject><subject>FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM</subject><subject>FODDER</subject><subject>FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS</subject><subject>FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BYSUBCLASSES A23B - A23J</subject><subject>FUELS</subject><subject>GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC</subject><subject>GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS</subject><subject>HUMAN NECESSITIES</subject><subject>LUBRICANTS</subject><subject>METALLURGY</subject><subject>MINERAL WAXES</subject><subject>PEAT</subject><subject>PERFUMES</subject><subject>PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES</subject><subject>PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL</subject><subject>PRODUCING (PRESSING, EXTRACTION), REFINING AND PRESERVINGFATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES (e.g. LANOLIN), FATTY OILS AND WAXES,INCLUDING EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS</subject><subject>PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVEHYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION</subject><subject>RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, ORGASES</subject><subject>REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGYGENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION</subject><subject>REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS</subject><subject>REFORMING OF NAPHTHA</subject><subject>TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE</subject><subject>TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS</subject><subject>TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINSTCLIMATE CHANGE</subject><subject>THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OFNUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT</subject><subject>THEIR TREATMENT, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES</subject><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>patent</rsrctype><creationdate>2008</creationdate><recordtype>patent</recordtype><sourceid>EVB</sourceid><recordid>eNrjZAgPCPJ3dg0OVnDzD1IAsl1CnUM8_f0U_N0U3BxDQiIVHJ09XYJ1kDgKrsEhrkHBCo5-LiCGvw-U7xbk76sQ7O8YEBzi7-zNw8CalphTnMoLpbkZFNxcQ5w9dFML8uNTiwsSk1PzUkvinR2NzEzNDS0MHA2NiVACAHbDMLQ</recordid><startdate>20080110</startdate><enddate>20080110</enddate><creator>KEMPERS, PETER</creator><creator>BUENO DE ALMEIDA, WANDERSON</creator><creator>SATO, SETSUO</creator><creator>SHIGUERU ARAUJO, ALEXSSANDER</creator><creator>SCHOERKEN, ULRICH</creator><creator>SILVA BIZZARRI, PABLO</creator><creator>WOLF, THOMAS</creator><scope>EVB</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20080110</creationdate><title>PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION OF FATTY ACIDS, FATTY ACID ESTERS ANDSTEROLESTERS FROM SOAPSTOCK</title><author>KEMPERS, PETER ; BUENO DE ALMEIDA, WANDERSON ; SATO, SETSUO ; SHIGUERU ARAUJO, ALEXSSANDER ; SCHOERKEN, ULRICH ; SILVA BIZZARRI, PABLO ; WOLF, THOMAS</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-epo_espacenet_CA2657180A13</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>patents</rsrctype><prefilter>patents</prefilter><language>eng ; fre</language><creationdate>2008</creationdate><topic>ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES AND WAXES</topic><topic>CANDLES</topic><topic>CHEMISTRY</topic><topic>CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION ORPROCESSING OF GOODS</topic><topic>CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATERTREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT</topic><topic>CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS</topic><topic>DETERGENTS</topic><topic>ESSENTIAL OILS</topic><topic>FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS,OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM</topic><topic>FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES</topic><topic>FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM</topic><topic>FODDER</topic><topic>FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS</topic><topic>FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BYSUBCLASSES A23B - A23J</topic><topic>FUELS</topic><topic>GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC</topic><topic>GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS</topic><topic>HUMAN NECESSITIES</topic><topic>LUBRICANTS</topic><topic>METALLURGY</topic><topic>MINERAL WAXES</topic><topic>PEAT</topic><topic>PERFUMES</topic><topic>PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES</topic><topic>PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL</topic><topic>PRODUCING (PRESSING, EXTRACTION), REFINING AND PRESERVINGFATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES (e.g. LANOLIN), FATTY OILS AND WAXES,INCLUDING EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS</topic><topic>PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVEHYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION</topic><topic>RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, ORGASES</topic><topic>REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGYGENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION</topic><topic>REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS</topic><topic>REFORMING OF NAPHTHA</topic><topic>TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE</topic><topic>TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS</topic><topic>TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINSTCLIMATE CHANGE</topic><topic>THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OFNUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT</topic><topic>THEIR TREATMENT, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES</topic><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>KEMPERS, PETER</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>BUENO DE ALMEIDA, WANDERSON</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>SATO, SETSUO</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>SHIGUERU ARAUJO, ALEXSSANDER</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>SCHOERKEN, ULRICH</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>SILVA BIZZARRI, PABLO</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>WOLF, THOMAS</creatorcontrib><collection>esp@cenet</collection></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext_linktorsrc</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>KEMPERS, PETER</au><au>BUENO DE ALMEIDA, WANDERSON</au><au>SATO, SETSUO</au><au>SHIGUERU ARAUJO, ALEXSSANDER</au><au>SCHOERKEN, ULRICH</au><au>SILVA BIZZARRI, PABLO</au><au>WOLF, THOMAS</au><format>patent</format><genre>patent</genre><ristype>GEN</ristype><title>PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION OF FATTY ACIDS, FATTY ACID ESTERS ANDSTEROLESTERS FROM SOAPSTOCK</title><date>2008-01-10</date><risdate>2008</risdate><abstract>The invention relates to a first process for production of fatty acids di rectly from any soapstock generated in the alkali refining process comprisin g of a) adding a lipase directly to the alkaline soapstock to facilitate hyd rolysis of mono-,di- and triglycerides without prior neutralisation b) neutr alizing and splitting the soaps with strong acids until reaching pH 1-6, c) separating the fatty acid phase from the aqueous by settling and/or centrifu gation. In a second embodiment a second process for production of fatty acid s directly from any soapstock is subject of the invention. This process comp rises i) neutralizing and splitting the soaps with strong acids until reachi ng pH 1-6 ii) adding a lipase to facilitate mono-/di-/triglyceride hydrolysi s iii) separating the fatty acid phase from the aqueous by settling and / or centrifugation In a further subject matter the invention deals with the use of said fatty acids for enzymatic or chemical synthesis of C1 to C6 alcanol esters and / or for chemical dimerisation of the fatty acids. As a conseque nce the invention also refers to a process for obtaining sterolesters and/or fatty acid esters characterized in that the fatty acids obtained according to the processes for production of fatty acids directly from any soapstock a s aforementioned described are a) esterified with C1 to C6 alkanol with a Li pase that is selective for fatty acids and does not transesterify the sterol esters b) the fatty acid esters are separated from the sterolesters by disti llation The use of said sterolesters for animal feed, food, health foods and as pharmaceutical agent for lowering cholesterol and/or as precursor for st eroid synthesis as well as the use of said fatty acid esters as solvent, for the production of fatty alcohols, as biofuel, and biodiesel, as plastisicer or for dimerization is also subject of the invention.</abstract><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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subjects ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES AND WAXES
CANDLES
CHEMISTRY
CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION ORPROCESSING OF GOODS
CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATERTREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS
DETERGENTS
ESSENTIAL OILS
FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS,OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES
FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM
FODDER
FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS
FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BYSUBCLASSES A23B - A23J
FUELS
GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC
GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS
HUMAN NECESSITIES
LUBRICANTS
METALLURGY
MINERAL WAXES
PEAT
PERFUMES
PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES
PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
PRODUCING (PRESSING, EXTRACTION), REFINING AND PRESERVINGFATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES (e.g. LANOLIN), FATTY OILS AND WAXES,INCLUDING EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS
PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVEHYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION
RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, ORGASES
REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGYGENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS
REFORMING OF NAPHTHA
TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINSTCLIMATE CHANGE
THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OFNUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT
THEIR TREATMENT, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
title PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION OF FATTY ACIDS, FATTY ACID ESTERS ANDSTEROLESTERS FROM SOAPSTOCK
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