Cyclone separation device and electric vacuum cleaner with same

Provided is a cyclone separation device which is configured so that the cyclone separation device has improved dust separation performance obtained without increasing the size of the device and so that dust collected in a dust collection chamber is prevented from flowing backward. A cyclone dust separation device is provided with: a swirl chamber (20) which separates dust from dust-containing air by swirling the dust-containing air within the swirl chamber (20) along the side wall thereof; a first dust collection chamber (31) which connects to the inside of the swirl chamber (20) through a first opening (28) formed in the side wall of the swirl chamber (20); a second dust collection chamber (32) which connects to the inside of the swirl chamber (20) through a second opening (29) formed downstream of the first opening (28) of the swirl chamber (20); a discharge pipe (33) which is connected to a discharge opening (34) for discharging air within the swirl chamber (20); and inflow openings (21, 25) which are provided upstream of the first opening (28) and allowing dust-containing air to flow into the swirl chamber (20).