The impact of autonomy on the relationship between mentoring and entrepreneurial intentions among youth in Germany, Kenya, and Uganda
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate how autonomy, moderated by employment status, impacts the relationship between entrepreneurial mentoring (EM) and entrepreneurial intentions (EI) among three countries (Germany, Kenya, and Uganda); as informed by both theory of planned behavior and...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of entrepreneurial behaviour & research 2019-02, Vol.25 (2), p.170-192 |
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| creator | Baluku, Martin Mabunda Leonsio, Matagi Bantu, Edward Otto, Kathleen |
| description | Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate how autonomy, moderated by employment status, impacts the relationship between entrepreneurial mentoring (EM) and entrepreneurial intentions (EI) among three countries (Germany, Kenya, and Uganda); as informed by both theory of planned behavior and self-determination theory.
Design/methodology/approach
A convenient sample of 1,509 youth from Germany, Kenya, and Uganda consisting of final-year university students, wage-employed, and unemployed was identified and studied. A multi-group analysis was conducted to test for differences in the impact of EM and autonomy on EI.
Findings
The findings indicate that mentoring and autonomy are positively correlated with EI. EM and intentions were lower among German participants than for the East African countries. The moderated moderation results revealed that EM is related to higher EI among students and the unemployed, and when individuals have higher levels of autonomy. Country-level analysis showed the effects of EM and autonomy are highest in Germany and lowest in Uganda.
Practical implications
Mentoring and self-determination play an important role in the development of EI. Entrepreneurship mentors should specifically support their protégées to develop the ability to act autonomously as an important entrepreneurial competence. The results further indicate that effectiveness of EM varies according to employment status and among countries. This is particularly important for targeting and designing of EM interventions. EM resources should be applied to youth with high autonomy, who are in either in insecure wage employment or who have no jobs. Protégés with low levels of autonomy should be supported to appreciate autonomy and develop the ability for autonomous action. Future EI research should also examine the impact of the availability of attractive positions in wage employment; and the effects of the availability of social safety nets on the need for autonomy.
Originality/value
A major challenge in EI research is the predominant focus on student populations. Using a multi-group analysis, the present paper tested for differences in the impact of EM and autonomy on EI. EM and EI were lower in German participants that in Kenyan and Ugandan participants. Whereas EM was generally positively correlated to EI, the moderated results showed that EM is related to higher EI among students and the unemployed, and when participants have higher autonomy. The study implies that |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1108/IJEBR-10-2017-0373 |
| format | Article |
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The purpose of this paper is to investigate how autonomy, moderated by employment status, impacts the relationship between entrepreneurial mentoring (EM) and entrepreneurial intentions (EI) among three countries (Germany, Kenya, and Uganda); as informed by both theory of planned behavior and self-determination theory.
Design/methodology/approach
A convenient sample of 1,509 youth from Germany, Kenya, and Uganda consisting of final-year university students, wage-employed, and unemployed was identified and studied. A multi-group analysis was conducted to test for differences in the impact of EM and autonomy on EI.
Findings
The findings indicate that mentoring and autonomy are positively correlated with EI. EM and intentions were lower among German participants than for the East African countries. The moderated moderation results revealed that EM is related to higher EI among students and the unemployed, and when individuals have higher levels of autonomy. Country-level analysis showed the effects of EM and autonomy are highest in Germany and lowest in Uganda.
Practical implications
Mentoring and self-determination play an important role in the development of EI. Entrepreneurship mentors should specifically support their protégées to develop the ability to act autonomously as an important entrepreneurial competence. The results further indicate that effectiveness of EM varies according to employment status and among countries. This is particularly important for targeting and designing of EM interventions. EM resources should be applied to youth with high autonomy, who are in either in insecure wage employment or who have no jobs. Protégés with low levels of autonomy should be supported to appreciate autonomy and develop the ability for autonomous action. Future EI research should also examine the impact of the availability of attractive positions in wage employment; and the effects of the availability of social safety nets on the need for autonomy.
Originality/value
A major challenge in EI research is the predominant focus on student populations. Using a multi-group analysis, the present paper tested for differences in the impact of EM and autonomy on EI. EM and EI were lower in German participants that in Kenyan and Ugandan participants. Whereas EM was generally positively correlated to EI, the moderated results showed that EM is related to higher EI among students and the unemployed, and when participants have higher autonomy. The study implies that EM and EI are highly correlated when participants need to work but have not or cannot find work or whey they do not need salaried employment to survive.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1355-2554</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1758-6534</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1108/IJEBR-10-2017-0373</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Bradford: Emerald Publishing Limited</publisher><subject>Attitudes ; Careers ; Employment ; Entrepreneurs ; Entrepreneurship ; Entrepreneurship education ; Hypotheses ; Interactive learning ; Intrapreneurs ; Mentors ; Motivation ; Role models ; Self employment ; Skills ; Socialization ; Startups ; Students ; Unemployment</subject><ispartof>International journal of entrepreneurial behaviour & research, 2019-02, Vol.25 (2), p.170-192</ispartof><rights>Emerald Publishing Limited</rights><rights>Emerald Publishing Limited 2018</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c366t-b017d8be3c3a0d1abecc5969dc8ba95a139a9e6fa2e0036eb262b5e0deb3b3563</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c366t-b017d8be3c3a0d1abecc5969dc8ba95a139a9e6fa2e0036eb262b5e0deb3b3563</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-7843-9203</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJEBR-10-2017-0373/full/html$$EHTML$$P50$$Gemerald$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,961,11614,21674,27901,27902,52664,53219</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Baluku, Martin Mabunda</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Leonsio, Matagi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bantu, Edward</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Otto, Kathleen</creatorcontrib><title>The impact of autonomy on the relationship between mentoring and entrepreneurial intentions among youth in Germany, Kenya, and Uganda</title><title>International journal of entrepreneurial behaviour & research</title><description>Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate how autonomy, moderated by employment status, impacts the relationship between entrepreneurial mentoring (EM) and entrepreneurial intentions (EI) among three countries (Germany, Kenya, and Uganda); as informed by both theory of planned behavior and self-determination theory.
Design/methodology/approach
A convenient sample of 1,509 youth from Germany, Kenya, and Uganda consisting of final-year university students, wage-employed, and unemployed was identified and studied. A multi-group analysis was conducted to test for differences in the impact of EM and autonomy on EI.
Findings
The findings indicate that mentoring and autonomy are positively correlated with EI. EM and intentions were lower among German participants than for the East African countries. The moderated moderation results revealed that EM is related to higher EI among students and the unemployed, and when individuals have higher levels of autonomy. Country-level analysis showed the effects of EM and autonomy are highest in Germany and lowest in Uganda.
Practical implications
Mentoring and self-determination play an important role in the development of EI. Entrepreneurship mentors should specifically support their protégées to develop the ability to act autonomously as an important entrepreneurial competence. The results further indicate that effectiveness of EM varies according to employment status and among countries. This is particularly important for targeting and designing of EM interventions. EM resources should be applied to youth with high autonomy, who are in either in insecure wage employment or who have no jobs. Protégés with low levels of autonomy should be supported to appreciate autonomy and develop the ability for autonomous action. Future EI research should also examine the impact of the availability of attractive positions in wage employment; and the effects of the availability of social safety nets on the need for autonomy.
Originality/value
A major challenge in EI research is the predominant focus on student populations. Using a multi-group analysis, the present paper tested for differences in the impact of EM and autonomy on EI. EM and EI were lower in German participants that in Kenyan and Ugandan participants. Whereas EM was generally positively correlated to EI, the moderated results showed that EM is related to higher EI among students and the unemployed, and when participants have higher autonomy. The study implies that EM and EI are highly correlated when participants need to work but have not or cannot find work or whey they do not need salaried employment to survive.</description><subject>Attitudes</subject><subject>Careers</subject><subject>Employment</subject><subject>Entrepreneurs</subject><subject>Entrepreneurship</subject><subject>Entrepreneurship education</subject><subject>Hypotheses</subject><subject>Interactive learning</subject><subject>Intrapreneurs</subject><subject>Mentors</subject><subject>Motivation</subject><subject>Role models</subject><subject>Self employment</subject><subject>Skills</subject><subject>Socialization</subject><subject>Startups</subject><subject>Students</subject><subject>Unemployment</subject><issn>1355-2554</issn><issn>1758-6534</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNptkdFKwzAUhosoOKcv4FXA20WTpunaSx1zTgeCbNflpD3dOtakpinSB_C9TTdvBG-SnD__d8L5EwS3nN1zzpKH5ev86YNyRkPGp5SJqTgLRnwqExpLEZ37s5CShlJGl8FV2-4ZY16JR8H3eoekqhvIHTElgc4ZbeqeGE2cv7F4AFcZ3e6qhih0X4ia1KidsZXeEtAF8YXFxqLGzlZwIJV2XhoYArXxpt50budlskBbg-4n5A11D5Mjvdn6Fa6DixIOLd787uNg8zxfz17o6n2xnD2uaC7i2FHlhysShSIXwAoOCvNcpnFa5ImCVAIXKaQYlxAiYyJGFcahksgKVEL5ccU4uDv1baz57LB12d50Vvsns5AnYcQTFiXeFZ5cuTVta7HMGlvVYPuMs2yIOzvGPVRD3NkQt4f4CcIaLRyK_5k_XyR-AHThhMM</recordid><startdate>20190221</startdate><enddate>20190221</enddate><creator>Baluku, Martin Mabunda</creator><creator>Leonsio, Matagi</creator><creator>Bantu, Edward</creator><creator>Otto, Kathleen</creator><general>Emerald Publishing Limited</general><general>Emerald Group Publishing Limited</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>0U~</scope><scope>1-H</scope><scope>7WY</scope><scope>7WZ</scope><scope>7X5</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BEZIV</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>F~G</scope><scope>K6~</scope><scope>L.-</scope><scope>L.0</scope><scope>M0C</scope><scope>PQBIZ</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7843-9203</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20190221</creationdate><title>The impact of autonomy on the relationship between mentoring and entrepreneurial intentions among youth in Germany, Kenya, and Uganda</title><author>Baluku, Martin Mabunda ; Leonsio, Matagi ; Bantu, Edward ; Otto, Kathleen</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c366t-b017d8be3c3a0d1abecc5969dc8ba95a139a9e6fa2e0036eb262b5e0deb3b3563</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Attitudes</topic><topic>Careers</topic><topic>Employment</topic><topic>Entrepreneurs</topic><topic>Entrepreneurship</topic><topic>Entrepreneurship education</topic><topic>Hypotheses</topic><topic>Interactive learning</topic><topic>Intrapreneurs</topic><topic>Mentors</topic><topic>Motivation</topic><topic>Role models</topic><topic>Self employment</topic><topic>Skills</topic><topic>Socialization</topic><topic>Startups</topic><topic>Students</topic><topic>Unemployment</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Baluku, Martin Mabunda</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Leonsio, Matagi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bantu, Edward</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Otto, Kathleen</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Global News & ABI/Inform Professional</collection><collection>Trade PRO</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Collection</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global (PDF only)</collection><collection>Entrepreneurship Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Business Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global (Corporate)</collection><collection>ProQuest Business Collection</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Professional Advanced</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Professional Standard</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global</collection><collection>ProQuest One Business</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><jtitle>International journal of entrepreneurial behaviour & research</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Baluku, Martin Mabunda</au><au>Leonsio, Matagi</au><au>Bantu, Edward</au><au>Otto, Kathleen</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The impact of autonomy on the relationship between mentoring and entrepreneurial intentions among youth in Germany, Kenya, and Uganda</atitle><jtitle>International journal of entrepreneurial behaviour & research</jtitle><date>2019-02-21</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>25</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>170</spage><epage>192</epage><pages>170-192</pages><issn>1355-2554</issn><eissn>1758-6534</eissn><abstract>Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate how autonomy, moderated by employment status, impacts the relationship between entrepreneurial mentoring (EM) and entrepreneurial intentions (EI) among three countries (Germany, Kenya, and Uganda); as informed by both theory of planned behavior and self-determination theory.
Design/methodology/approach
A convenient sample of 1,509 youth from Germany, Kenya, and Uganda consisting of final-year university students, wage-employed, and unemployed was identified and studied. A multi-group analysis was conducted to test for differences in the impact of EM and autonomy on EI.
Findings
The findings indicate that mentoring and autonomy are positively correlated with EI. EM and intentions were lower among German participants than for the East African countries. The moderated moderation results revealed that EM is related to higher EI among students and the unemployed, and when individuals have higher levels of autonomy. Country-level analysis showed the effects of EM and autonomy are highest in Germany and lowest in Uganda.
Practical implications
Mentoring and self-determination play an important role in the development of EI. Entrepreneurship mentors should specifically support their protégées to develop the ability to act autonomously as an important entrepreneurial competence. The results further indicate that effectiveness of EM varies according to employment status and among countries. This is particularly important for targeting and designing of EM interventions. EM resources should be applied to youth with high autonomy, who are in either in insecure wage employment or who have no jobs. Protégés with low levels of autonomy should be supported to appreciate autonomy and develop the ability for autonomous action. Future EI research should also examine the impact of the availability of attractive positions in wage employment; and the effects of the availability of social safety nets on the need for autonomy.
Originality/value
A major challenge in EI research is the predominant focus on student populations. Using a multi-group analysis, the present paper tested for differences in the impact of EM and autonomy on EI. EM and EI were lower in German participants that in Kenyan and Ugandan participants. Whereas EM was generally positively correlated to EI, the moderated results showed that EM is related to higher EI among students and the unemployed, and when participants have higher autonomy. The study implies that EM and EI are highly correlated when participants need to work but have not or cannot find work or whey they do not need salaried employment to survive.</abstract><cop>Bradford</cop><pub>Emerald Publishing Limited</pub><doi>10.1108/IJEBR-10-2017-0373</doi><tpages>23</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7843-9203</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | International journal of entrepreneurial behaviour & research, 2019-02, Vol.25 (2), p.170-192 |
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| source | Emerald Journals; Standard: Emerald eJournal Premier Collection |
| subjects | Attitudes Careers Employment Entrepreneurs Entrepreneurship Entrepreneurship education Hypotheses Interactive learning Intrapreneurs Mentors Motivation Role models Self employment Skills Socialization Startups Students Unemployment |
| title | The impact of autonomy on the relationship between mentoring and entrepreneurial intentions among youth in Germany, Kenya, and Uganda |
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