Chronic administration of the soluble non-bacterial fraction of kefir attenuates lipid deposition in LDLr-/- mice
Abstract Background Kefir is obtained by the action of acidic bacteria and yeasts that exist in symbiotic association in kefir grains. Recently, this fermented milk drink has been recommended for the treatment of several clinical conditions, such as inflammatory, gastrointestinal and/or cardiovascul...
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| creator | Santanna, Adriélly F Filete, Placielle F Lima, Ewelyne M Porto, Marcella L Meyrelles, Silvana S Vasquez, Elisardo C Endringer, Denise C Lenz, Dominik Abdalla, Dulcineia S.P Pereira, Thiago M.C Andrade, Tadeu U |
| description | Abstract Background Kefir is obtained by the action of acidic bacteria and yeasts that exist in symbiotic association in kefir grains. Recently, this fermented milk drink has been recommended for the treatment of several clinical conditions, such as inflammatory, gastrointestinal and/or cardiovascular related-diseases. However, its effects on atherosclerosis are not yet clear. Then, our hypothesis was that chronic treatment with a soluble, non-bacterial fraction of kefir could reduce the progression of atherosclerosis in LDLr-/- mice. Methods LDLr-/- mice were divided into 4 groups. 1) The ND group received a normal diet without treatment. 2). The HD group received a high-fat diet without treatment. 3). The HD-Milk group received a high-fat diet and was orally treated with the vehicle (milk - 22 mL/kg). 4) The HD-Kefir group received a high-fat diet and was orally treated with soluble non-bacterial fraction of kefir (22 mL/kg) for 4 weeks. At the end of experiment, blood was collected to measure cholesterol and cytokines, and the aorta was collected to evaluate the lipid deposition by en face analysis. Results The soluble, non-bacterial fraction of kefir reduced lipid deposition (p |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.nut.2016.11.001 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>elsevier</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_elsevier_clinicalkeyesjournals_1_s2_0_S0899900716302489</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><els_id>1_s2_0_S0899900716302489</els_id><sourcerecordid>1_s2_0_S0899900716302489</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-elsevier_clinicalkeyesjournals_1_s2_0_S08999007163024893</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqlj7FOAzEQRF2AlAD5ALr9gXPWF3TEDU0AUaQjveX49pS9OHawfUj8PQ7KH1Dt7OhpNCPEo0KpUHXLUYapyLZKqZREVDdijmutG434PBN3OY9YXd3pufjaHFIM7MD2Jw6cS7KFY4A4QDkQ5OinvScIMTR76wolth6GVOWVOtLACWwpFCZbKIPnM_fQ0zlm_oM4wPZ1m5plAyd29CBuB-szLa73Xry8v-02Hw3V55spGedrE2f9kX4oj3FKoXJGmdwaNJ-XJZchqlth-7TWq38H_ALQTGJi</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Publisher</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype></control><display><type>article</type><title>Chronic administration of the soluble non-bacterial fraction of kefir attenuates lipid deposition in LDLr-/- mice</title><source>Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals</source><creator>Santanna, Adriélly F ; Filete, Placielle F ; Lima, Ewelyne M ; Porto, Marcella L ; Meyrelles, Silvana S ; Vasquez, Elisardo C ; Endringer, Denise C ; Lenz, Dominik ; Abdalla, Dulcineia S.P ; Pereira, Thiago M.C ; Andrade, Tadeu U</creator><creatorcontrib>Santanna, Adriélly F ; Filete, Placielle F ; Lima, Ewelyne M ; Porto, Marcella L ; Meyrelles, Silvana S ; Vasquez, Elisardo C ; Endringer, Denise C ; Lenz, Dominik ; Abdalla, Dulcineia S.P ; Pereira, Thiago M.C ; Andrade, Tadeu U</creatorcontrib><description>Abstract Background Kefir is obtained by the action of acidic bacteria and yeasts that exist in symbiotic association in kefir grains. Recently, this fermented milk drink has been recommended for the treatment of several clinical conditions, such as inflammatory, gastrointestinal and/or cardiovascular related-diseases. However, its effects on atherosclerosis are not yet clear. Then, our hypothesis was that chronic treatment with a soluble, non-bacterial fraction of kefir could reduce the progression of atherosclerosis in LDLr-/- mice. Methods LDLr-/- mice were divided into 4 groups. 1) The ND group received a normal diet without treatment. 2). The HD group received a high-fat diet without treatment. 3). The HD-Milk group received a high-fat diet and was orally treated with the vehicle (milk - 22 mL/kg). 4) The HD-Kefir group received a high-fat diet and was orally treated with soluble non-bacterial fraction of kefir (22 mL/kg) for 4 weeks. At the end of experiment, blood was collected to measure cholesterol and cytokines, and the aorta was collected to evaluate the lipid deposition by en face analysis. Results The soluble, non-bacterial fraction of kefir reduced lipid deposition (p<0.05) independent of hypercholesterolaemia. Moreover, the kefir was capable of diminishing the circulating pro-inflammatory IL-6 level and the TNF-α/IL-10 ratio (50% and 42%, p<0.05, respectively), and augmenting the anti-inflammatory IL-10 level by approximately 74% (p<0.05). Conclusions Chronic treatment with a soluble, non-bacterial fraction of kefir was capable to decrease the lipid deposition in LDLr-/- hypercholesteraemic mice through, at least in part, modifying the circulating cytokine profile. The beneficial effects of kefir provide new perspectives for its use as an adjuvant in the prevention of atherosclerosis.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0899-9007</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2016.11.001</identifier><language>eng</language><subject>Gastroenterology and Hepatology</subject><ispartof>Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.), 2016</ispartof><rights>Elsevier Inc.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,4010,27900,27901,27902</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Santanna, Adriélly F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Filete, Placielle F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lima, Ewelyne M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Porto, Marcella L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Meyrelles, Silvana S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vasquez, Elisardo C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Endringer, Denise C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lenz, Dominik</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abdalla, Dulcineia S.P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pereira, Thiago M.C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Andrade, Tadeu U</creatorcontrib><title>Chronic administration of the soluble non-bacterial fraction of kefir attenuates lipid deposition in LDLr-/- mice</title><title>Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.)</title><description>Abstract Background Kefir is obtained by the action of acidic bacteria and yeasts that exist in symbiotic association in kefir grains. Recently, this fermented milk drink has been recommended for the treatment of several clinical conditions, such as inflammatory, gastrointestinal and/or cardiovascular related-diseases. However, its effects on atherosclerosis are not yet clear. Then, our hypothesis was that chronic treatment with a soluble, non-bacterial fraction of kefir could reduce the progression of atherosclerosis in LDLr-/- mice. Methods LDLr-/- mice were divided into 4 groups. 1) The ND group received a normal diet without treatment. 2). The HD group received a high-fat diet without treatment. 3). The HD-Milk group received a high-fat diet and was orally treated with the vehicle (milk - 22 mL/kg). 4) The HD-Kefir group received a high-fat diet and was orally treated with soluble non-bacterial fraction of kefir (22 mL/kg) for 4 weeks. At the end of experiment, blood was collected to measure cholesterol and cytokines, and the aorta was collected to evaluate the lipid deposition by en face analysis. Results The soluble, non-bacterial fraction of kefir reduced lipid deposition (p<0.05) independent of hypercholesterolaemia. Moreover, the kefir was capable of diminishing the circulating pro-inflammatory IL-6 level and the TNF-α/IL-10 ratio (50% and 42%, p<0.05, respectively), and augmenting the anti-inflammatory IL-10 level by approximately 74% (p<0.05). Conclusions Chronic treatment with a soluble, non-bacterial fraction of kefir was capable to decrease the lipid deposition in LDLr-/- hypercholesteraemic mice through, at least in part, modifying the circulating cytokine profile. The beneficial effects of kefir provide new perspectives for its use as an adjuvant in the prevention of atherosclerosis.</description><subject>Gastroenterology and Hepatology</subject><issn>0899-9007</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid/><recordid>eNqlj7FOAzEQRF2AlAD5ALr9gXPWF3TEDU0AUaQjveX49pS9OHawfUj8PQ7KH1Dt7OhpNCPEo0KpUHXLUYapyLZKqZREVDdijmutG434PBN3OY9YXd3pufjaHFIM7MD2Jw6cS7KFY4A4QDkQ5OinvScIMTR76wolth6GVOWVOtLACWwpFCZbKIPnM_fQ0zlm_oM4wPZ1m5plAyd29CBuB-szLa73Xry8v-02Hw3V55spGedrE2f9kX4oj3FKoXJGmdwaNJ-XJZchqlth-7TWq38H_ALQTGJi</recordid><startdate>2016</startdate><enddate>2016</enddate><creator>Santanna, Adriélly F</creator><creator>Filete, Placielle F</creator><creator>Lima, Ewelyne M</creator><creator>Porto, Marcella L</creator><creator>Meyrelles, Silvana S</creator><creator>Vasquez, Elisardo C</creator><creator>Endringer, Denise C</creator><creator>Lenz, Dominik</creator><creator>Abdalla, Dulcineia S.P</creator><creator>Pereira, Thiago M.C</creator><creator>Andrade, Tadeu U</creator><scope/></search><sort><creationdate>2016</creationdate><title>Chronic administration of the soluble non-bacterial fraction of kefir attenuates lipid deposition in LDLr-/- mice</title><author>Santanna, Adriélly F ; Filete, Placielle F ; Lima, Ewelyne M ; Porto, Marcella L ; Meyrelles, Silvana S ; Vasquez, Elisardo C ; Endringer, Denise C ; Lenz, Dominik ; Abdalla, Dulcineia S.P ; Pereira, Thiago M.C ; Andrade, Tadeu U</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-elsevier_clinicalkeyesjournals_1_s2_0_S08999007163024893</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2016</creationdate><topic>Gastroenterology and Hepatology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Santanna, Adriélly F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Filete, Placielle F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lima, Ewelyne M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Porto, Marcella L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Meyrelles, Silvana S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vasquez, Elisardo C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Endringer, Denise C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lenz, Dominik</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abdalla, Dulcineia S.P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pereira, Thiago M.C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Andrade, Tadeu U</creatorcontrib><jtitle>Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Santanna, Adriélly F</au><au>Filete, Placielle F</au><au>Lima, Ewelyne M</au><au>Porto, Marcella L</au><au>Meyrelles, Silvana S</au><au>Vasquez, Elisardo C</au><au>Endringer, Denise C</au><au>Lenz, Dominik</au><au>Abdalla, Dulcineia S.P</au><au>Pereira, Thiago M.C</au><au>Andrade, Tadeu U</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Chronic administration of the soluble non-bacterial fraction of kefir attenuates lipid deposition in LDLr-/- mice</atitle><jtitle>Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.)</jtitle><date>2016</date><risdate>2016</risdate><issn>0899-9007</issn><abstract>Abstract Background Kefir is obtained by the action of acidic bacteria and yeasts that exist in symbiotic association in kefir grains. Recently, this fermented milk drink has been recommended for the treatment of several clinical conditions, such as inflammatory, gastrointestinal and/or cardiovascular related-diseases. However, its effects on atherosclerosis are not yet clear. Then, our hypothesis was that chronic treatment with a soluble, non-bacterial fraction of kefir could reduce the progression of atherosclerosis in LDLr-/- mice. Methods LDLr-/- mice were divided into 4 groups. 1) The ND group received a normal diet without treatment. 2). The HD group received a high-fat diet without treatment. 3). The HD-Milk group received a high-fat diet and was orally treated with the vehicle (milk - 22 mL/kg). 4) The HD-Kefir group received a high-fat diet and was orally treated with soluble non-bacterial fraction of kefir (22 mL/kg) for 4 weeks. At the end of experiment, blood was collected to measure cholesterol and cytokines, and the aorta was collected to evaluate the lipid deposition by en face analysis. Results The soluble, non-bacterial fraction of kefir reduced lipid deposition (p<0.05) independent of hypercholesterolaemia. Moreover, the kefir was capable of diminishing the circulating pro-inflammatory IL-6 level and the TNF-α/IL-10 ratio (50% and 42%, p<0.05, respectively), and augmenting the anti-inflammatory IL-10 level by approximately 74% (p<0.05). Conclusions Chronic treatment with a soluble, non-bacterial fraction of kefir was capable to decrease the lipid deposition in LDLr-/- hypercholesteraemic mice through, at least in part, modifying the circulating cytokine profile. The beneficial effects of kefir provide new perspectives for its use as an adjuvant in the prevention of atherosclerosis.</abstract><doi>10.1016/j.nut.2016.11.001</doi></addata></record> |
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| title | Chronic administration of the soluble non-bacterial fraction of kefir attenuates lipid deposition in LDLr-/- mice |
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