Exposure to Nickel, Chromium, or Cadmium Causes Distinct Changes in the Gene Expression Patterns of Rat Liver-Derived Cell Lines

Nickel, cadmium, and chromium are toxic industrial chemicals with an exposure risk, found in military, occupational, and environmental settings. While the substances are known to have adverse health effects, the exact mechanisms of toxicity remain unclear and a paucity of biomarkers of exposure and...

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