Accurate conventional and microwave-assisted synthesis of galloyl hydrazide

[Display omitted] The usefulness of the structure of galloyl hydrazide (3,4,5-trihydroxybenzohydrazide, coded as 2nz in this article) as a privileged structural system in pharmaceutical organic and medicinal chemistry has prompted the advances of the further therapeutic potentials of this known antioxidant/antitumor compound and, in addition to that, it acts generally as a very important organic reaction intermediate for molecule planning (including synthesis of many important biologically active molecules), as it undergoes various types of chemical reactions. The data of the two synthetic methods (including the new green one), presented in this research article, provides sharp adequate chemical data about the challenging synthesis, separation (purification), and characterization of this compound. A new and very fast one-pot solventless greener microwave-assisted method of synthesis, in addition to the much slower old conventional one, is used in this present research; and followed by full precise purification and characterization (including chromatographic separation; physicochemical identification; IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and mass spectroscopic analyses along with elemental analyses for structure elucidation) of 2nz. •Galloyl hydrazide is a very important and unique organic chemical intermediate with, mainly, antioxidant and anticancer biological activities.•Galloyl hydrazide synthesis in the previous literature is very challenging, confusing, not standardized, and without any consensus.•The main objective of this new research is to make two standard and fixed methods of synthesis (conventional and greener) of galloyl hydrazide through designing and constructing a new one-pot solventless greener microwave-assisted synthetic method, in addition to redesigning and qualifying the old traditional conventional heating one; both methods are followed by very accurate identification and characterization data (which can be referenced for the efficient reproducibility in the organic and pharmaceutical chemistry community) of galloyl hydrazide.