Green synthesis of magnetic activated carbon from peanut shells functionalized with TiO2 photocatalyst for Batik liquid waste treatment

The composite of magnetic activated carbon derived from peanut shells functionalized titanium dioxide (Fe /TiO /AC) has been successfully synthesized. The composite was employed to remove indigosol green and Cr( ) under ultraviolet (UV) and visible light. In this work, the activated carbon was synthesized from a sustainable source of peanut shell by carbonization and activation method employing NaOH as the activating agent. Magnetite was prepared by chemical co-precipitation technique using FeCl ·6H O and FeSO ·7H O, and then, the deposition of TiO was performed under ultrasonic irradiation. A variety of material characterization, consisting of Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray, was used to analyze the physicochemical properties of the composite. The effects of pH, irradiation time, and composite mass during optimization performance were investigated. The characterizations represent the dispersed TiO in the anatase phase with the existence of magnetic particles. The activity tests revealed the superiority of the composite for applications involving adsorption and photocatalysis under visible light source compared to UV light. It was found that Fe /TiO /AC yields the efficiency for the removal of indigosol green and Cr( ) from Batik liquid waste of 92.91 and 76.92%, respectively.