Adherence to antiretroviral therapy among HIV/ AIDS patients in the context of early treatment initiation in Vietnam

This study aimed to assess the antiretroviral therapy (ART) compliance among patients with HIV/AIDS and its associated factors in the context of universal ART initiation in Vietnam. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in five ART clinics located in three provinces, such as Hanoi, Thanh Hoa, and Lao Cai, from July to September 2017. Overall, adherence to ART in the last month was measured using a 100-point Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Besides, information about forgetting doses in the last 4 days and delaying taking pills in the last 7 days was also reported. Among 482 patients, the suboptimal adherence rate was 54.5%. Noncurrent smoking (coefficient =4.19, 95% CI 0.42-7.97), higher baseline CD4 count (coefficient =4.35, 95% CI 0.58-8.13), and no traveling difficulties (coefficient =6.17, 95% CI 2.27-10.06) were predictors of higher VAS adherence score. Suboptimal adherence was associated with mountainous residence (OR =5.34, 95% CI 2.81-10.16). Female respondents were less likely to delay taking pills in the last 7 days (OR =0.19, 95% CI 0.07-0.52). Our study embraced early ART initiation in Vietnam; however, this approach should be parallel with appropriate resource allocation and service delivery.