Imaging-Assisted Antisense Oligonucleotide Delivery for Tumor-Targeted Gene Therapy

Antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) represents a class of practical tools for targeting undruggable oncogenes with several candidates currently undergoing clinical investigation. The advancement of antisense therapeutics necessitates comprehensive approaches for evaluating their efficacy and improving their accuracy. Molecular imaging techniques offer a qualitative and quantitative means to assess therapeutics at the molecular, cellular, and in vivo levels, as well as to elucidate biodistribution and pharmacokinetics. These capabilities play a pivotal role in enhancing therapeutic evaluation and efficiency. This review systematically explores the current landscape of ASO delivery by leveraging a synergistic combination of imaging techniques and delivery vehicles to enhance oligonucleotide distribution and accumulation at tumor sites and thereby optimizing therapeutic outcomes.