Potentiometric sensor for iron (III) quantitative determination: experimental and computational approaches

The current work deals with fabrication and validation of a new highly Fe 3+ selective sensor based on benzo-18-crown-6 (b-18C6) using the potentiometric method. The proposed sensor revealed satisfactory performance for quantitative evaluation of Fe 3+ trace amount in environmental samples. The ratio of membrane ingredients optimized and the membrane with the composition of 4:30:65.5:0.5 mg of b-18C6:PVC:o-NPOE:KTpClPB exhibited the desirable Nernstian slope of 19.51 ± 0.10 (mV per decade of activity) over the pH range from 2.5 to 5.7 with an acceptable dynamic concentration range of 1.0 × 10 −6 M to 1.0 × 10 −1 M and lower detection limit of 8.0 × 10 −7 M. The proposed sensor demonstrated an appropriate reproducibility with a rapid response time of 12 s and the suitable lifetime of 10 weeks. To validate the accurate response of the proposed sensor, AAS technique applied for the determination of Fe 3+ in real aqueous mediums such as drinking tap water and hospital wastewater sample after treatment by electrocoagulation process. Theoretical studies carried out using DFT/B3LYP computational level with 6-311G basis set to optimize the adsorption sites of Fe +3 cationic species by b-18C6. The obtained adsorption energy with large negative value confirmed the formation of a stable complex.