Smooth Bend Structures Using Hybrid Compensation for Common-Mode Noise Reduction

The proposed smooth bend structure was implemented with a 150-degree bend to reduce the asymmetrical part of the differential bend and thus prevent mode conversion loss and common-mode noise. The smooth bend structure maintained the differential signal integrity. In addition, we proposed several hybrid compensation methods to enhance common-mode noise suppression and concluded that a smooth bend using the “L-C-L” compensation method offered the best performance. The frequency-domain analysis, from direct current (DC) to 6 GHz, was suppressed below 17.3 dB for the differential to common-mode conversion loss (Scd21) and maintained a differential insertion loss (Sdd21) above 2.18 dB. Furthermore, the 150-degree bend, using the “L-C-L” compensation method, reduced common-mode noise by 48.9% compared with a 150-degree bend structure in the time-domain analysis. The significant advantage of the proposed structure is that it can be easily fabricated using the printed circuit board (PCB) manufacturing process, reducing costs. The measurement results of the proposed design showed good consistency with the simulations. The proposed hybrid compensation structure successfully reduced the undesirable effects caused by asymmetry; as a result, mode conversion suppression was improved, and common-mode noise was reduced.