Comments on proper type designation for names of taxa validated by Turczaninow in his Animadversiones, with case studies

General recommendations regarding proper type designation of names of taxa described by Turczaninow in his Animadversiones series of articles (as well as in some other publications) are provided. It is concluded that, as clearly indicated in the protologues, all (or almost all) taxa described in these publications are based on specimens from the private herbarium of Turczaninow which was donated in the 1840s to the Kharkiv University (CWU) and in the 1940s was transferred to the Institute of Botany in Kyiv (KW). Consequently, holotypes and syntypes of these taxa are now almost exclusively in KW. Several cases of correct and incorrect type designations are discussed, specifically of some South American Brassicaceae, Geraniaceae and Hypericaceae, Central American Malvaceae, and southern African Polygalaceae. Information on the re-discovered holotype (KW) of Abelmoschus achanioides Turcz. (now accepted as Malvaviscus achanioides (Turcz.) Fryxell, Malvaceae) is provided, and an earlier lectotypification of that name with a specimen from G is considered ineffective. The holotype of Stenocalyx involutus Turcz. (now considered a synonym of Mezia includens (Benth.) Cuatrec., Malpighiaceae) was originally in the Turczaninow herbarium, but the whole folder with that specimen is now missing in KW (considered lost or destroyed), and it was already missing in the mid-1920s, when the collection was still in CWU. Because of that the lectotype of S. involutus is designated here, the specimen from MPU, to replace the lost or destroyed holotype. The need for thorough analysis of protologues, available original material, and associated information for correct type designation/indication is emphasized.