Muscle adaptations in acute SCI following overground exoskeleton + FES training: A pilot study

ObjectiveTo evaluate the combined effects of robotic exoskeleton and functional electrical stimulation (FES) training on muscle composition during over-ground gait training in persons with acute spinal cord injury (SCI). DesignRandomized crossover pilot study. SettingInpatient-rehabilitation Hospital. ParticipantsSix individuals with acute SCI. InterventionParticipants were randomized to either receive training with the Ekso® Bionics exoskeleton combined with FES in addition to standard-of-care or standard-of-care alone. Outcome measuresThe main outcome measures for the study were quantified using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), specifically, lower extremity muscle volume and intramuscular adipose tissue (IMAT). Static balance and fall risk were assessed using the Berg Balance Scale. ResultsSignificant improvements were observed in muscle volume in the exoskeleton intervention group when compared to only standard-of-care (p