The Importance of Free Light Chains of Immunoglobulins Determination in Serum

For many years, Bence Jones proteinuria has been an important diagnostic marker for multiple myeloma. Relatively new serum tests for free kappa and free lambda light chains of immunoglobulins reflect the production of free light chains more accurately than urine tests. In this study, we examined the...

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Veröffentlicht in:Journal of medical biochemistry 2007-12, Vol.26 (4), p.269-273
Hauptverfasser: cabarkapa, Velibor, Stosic, Zoran, Deric, Mirjana, Vucurevic-Ristic, Ljiljana, Drljaca, Mirjana
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Sprache:eng
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Zusammenfassung:For many years, Bence Jones proteinuria has been an important diagnostic marker for multiple myeloma. Relatively new serum tests for free kappa and free lambda light chains of immunoglobulins reflect the production of free light chains more accurately than urine tests. In this study, we examined the value of serum free light chains measurement in the diagnosis of some neoplastic diseases and the discrepance between the findings of serum protein electrophoresis and serum free light chains. Thirty one patients (f=19, m=12) were included in the study, most of them with blood malignant diseases. The results show that in six patients with normal gamma and beta electrophoresis fractions there are abnormal levels of free light chains and/or an abnormal κ/LD ratio. In 20 patients we found an abnormal κ/LD ratio, and in 21 patients we found an abnormal κ or LD level, or both. The obtained results show the important role of serum free light chains determination in identifying patients with monoclonal gammopathies. Bence Jones proteinurija se već dugo upotrebljava kao važan marker u dijagnostici multiplog mijeloma. Relativno novi serumski testovi za određivanje slobodnih κ i LD lakih lanaca imunoglobulina bolje reflektuju produkciju lakih lanaca od urinskih testova. U ovoj studiji ispitivali smo značaj određivanja slobodnih lakih lanaca u serumu u sklopu dijagnostike pojedinih malignih bolesti, kao i diskrepancu između nalaza serumskih lakih lanaca i elektroforeze serumskih proteina. U studiju je uključen 31 pacijent (ž=19, m=12). Većina ovih pacijenata obolela je od neke od malignih bolesti krvi. Rezultati pokazuju da kod 6 pacijenata sa urednim vrednostima gama i beta frakcije elektroforeze serumskih proteina postoje abnormalne vrednosti serumskih lakih lanaca i/ili abnormalni κ/LD odnos. Ovaj odnos bio je poremećen kod 20 pacijenata, dok je kod 21 pacijenta bio povećan nivo ili κ ili LD slobodnog lakog lanca ili oba istovremeno. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju na značajnu ulogu određivanja serumskih koncentracija slobodnih lakih lanaca imunoglobulina u dijagnostici monoklonskih gamapatija.
ISSN:1452-8258
1452-8266
DOI:10.2478/v10011-007-0032-6