Hydrogeological assessment and contaminant transport modelling of Enyimba landfill site in Aba, Nigeria

Commercial and industrial growth in cities generates hazardous waste, often disposed of in open dump sites, contaminating groundwater. Understanding pollutant movement and numerical models are crucial for effective water resource management. This study assessed hydrogeological dynamics and pollutant transfer in the Enyimba landfill site, Nigeria, using field surveys and contaminant modelling to understand groundwater quality and arsenic contamination spread. The research technique included field and laboratory experiments, as well as water sampling during both dry and wet seasons, to evaluate groundwater quality. The geochemical examination of groundwater samples revealed the amounts of several metals using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The study used contaminant transport modelling with Visual MODFLOW Flex 6.1 and MT3DMS software to simulate groundwater flow and solute transport within the aquifer layers. Predictive simulations over a 20-year timeframe demonstrated the progressive spread of arsenic pollution from the landfill, resulting in an ellipsoid-shaped plume stretching from its source. Arsenic levels have gradually increased, posing a serious threat to groundwater quality and human health. The research highlights the need for remedial measures to reduce groundwater pollution, including waste recovery and recycling facilities and geo-membrane use. It emphasizes proactive actions to protect groundwater supplies and promote environmental sustainability in the Enyimba landfill site.