Bioceramic Scaffolds for Bone Repair and Regeneration: A Comprehensive Review

Bone diseases are a serious health problem such as arthritis and osteoporosis. Their effects on the bones, structures, and tissues affect human life. Therefore, developing novel materials to evolve bone damage therapy is required. Bio-ceramic synthesis witnessed increased interest and attention due to the progression of bio-ceramic as high-quality materials to enhance bone healing, replacement, or regeneration. Among the inorganic materials, bioglasses and ceramics showed promising applications in medicine fields due to their several biological properties; for example, biocompatible, their compositions are similar to those in bones osteoinductive and osteoconductive. Thus, they considered promising materials for scaffold manufacturing to promote bone healing. This review aims to present the recent advancements in various classes of bio-ceramics, including inert-ceramics, bioactive ceramics, and bio-resorbable ceramics, and their wide medical applications in bone regeneration, overhauling skeletomuscular, as well as their mechanical issues.