Exploration of Chick Embryo and Chorioallantoic Membrane on Imaging Navigated Platforms for Anticancer Pharmaceutical Evaluations

Conforming to the current replace–reduce–refine 3Rs’ guidelines in animal experiments, a series of explorative efforts have been made to set up operable biomedical imaging-guided platforms for qualitative and quantitative evaluations on pharmacological effects of tumor vascular-disrupting agents (VDAs), based on the chick embryos (CEs) with its chorioallantoic membrane (CAM), in this overview. The techniques and platforms have been hierarchically elaborated, from macroscopic to microscopic and from overall to specific aspects. A protocol of LED lamplight associated with a new deep-learning algorithm was consolidated to screen out weak CEs by using the CAM vasculature imaging. 3D magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) to monitor the evolution of CE and vascular changes in CAM are introduced. A LSCI–CAM platform for studying the effects of VDAs on normal and cancerous vasculature of CAM and possible molecular mechanisms has been demonstrated. Finally, practical challenges and future perspectives are highlighted. The aim of this article is to help peers in biomedical research to familiarize with the CAM platform and to optimize imaging protocols for the evaluation of vasoactive pharmaceuticals, especially anticancer vascular targeted therapy.