Genetic Influences on Snoring: A Narrative Review

Snoring is a sound that results from vibrations of soft tissues in the narrowed upper airway during sleep. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a disease entity that must be properly treated. Snoring, which is also considered a symptom of the spectrum of sleep-related breathing disorders, is often overlooked. Although many studies have been conducted on genetic risk factors related to OSA, studies focusing on snoring are limited. Here, we reviewed the literature regarding the influence of genetics on snoring. Initial studies on the influence of genetics on snoring were based on twin and familial studies. Twin studies demonstrated that the phenotypic correlation of snoring between monozygotic twins was greater than that in dizygotic twins, while family history of snoring increases the risk of snoring. Genome-wide association studies showed that traits such as minimum SpO2, umbilical hernia or anthropometric measures such as leg fat mass were genetically correlated to snoring. Traits were mapped and genes such as DLEU7 and MSRB3 have been identified. Snoring is not a disease that should be overlooked. Those with genetic factors increasing the risk of snoring should put more effort into controlling the modifiable risk factor related to snoring.