Effects of Mining Activities on Gerbillus nanus in Saudi Arabia: A Biochemical and Histological Study

Mining can impact the environment, biodiversity, and human health through direct and indirect practices. This study investigated the effects of gold mining on , in relation to organ dysfunction and redox imbalance. Soil samples, , and were collected from a site near a mining plant, and a control site. Soil and samples from the mining site showed significantly higher cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), and vanadium (V) levels. Hepatic, renal, and pulmonary Cd, Pb, Hg, Zn, Cu, Fe, As, and V concentrations were significantly higher in from the mining site. Markers of liver and kidney function were elevated in serum, and several histological manifestations were observed in the liver, kidney, and lung of from the mining site. Malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels increased, and glutathione and antioxidant enzymes decreased in the liver and kidney of . In conclusion, mining practices trigger tissue damage and oxidative stress in that live close to the mining site. These findings can represent a scientific basis for evaluating the environmental and health impacts of mining on nearby communities.