Effects of Different Farming Modes on Salmo trutta fario Growth and Intestinal Microbial Community

The gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in upholding intestinal health, fostering intestinal development, fortifying organisms against pathogen intrusion, regulating nutrient absorption, and managing the body's lipid metabolism. However, the influence of different cultivation modes on the growth indices and intestinal microbes of remains underexplored. In this study, we employed high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics techniques to scrutinize the intestinal microbiota in three farming modes: traditional pond aquaculture (TPA), recirculating aquaculture (RA), and flow-through aquaculture (FTA). We aimed to assess the impact of different farming methods on the water environment and 's growth performance. Our findings revealed that the final weight and weight gain rate in the FTA model surpassed those in the other two. Substantial disparities were observed in the composition, relative abundance, and diversity of gut microbiota under different aquaculture modes. Notably, the dominant genera of gut microbiota varied across farming modes: for instance, in the FTA model, the most prevalent genera were (7.34%), (9.93%), and (6.71%), while, under RA farming, they were (10.61%), (7.09%), and (6.62%). In the TPA model, dominant genera in the gut microbiota included (8.72%), (8.30%), and (12.54%). From a comparative standpoint, the genus-level composition of the gut microbiota in the RA and TPA models exhibited relative similarity. The gut microbiota in the FTA model showcased the most intricate functional diversity, while TPA farming displayed a more intricate interaction pattern with the gut microbiota. Transparency, pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, total dissolved solids, and temperature emerged as pivotal factors influencing gut microbiota under diverse farming conditions. These research findings offer valuable scientific insights for fostering healthy aquaculture practices and disease prevention and control measures for , holding substantial significance for the sustainable development of the cold-water fish industry in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.