Analysis of the effect of ventilation hole angle and material variation on thermal behavior for car disc brakes using the finite element method

Brakes are used to slow down or stop a moving object. The temperature of the disc brake will rise as a result of the conversion of kinetic energy from vehicle speed into thermal energy during the braking operation. To prevent harm to the disc brake or other components, the heat generated by this disc brake must then be released into the environment. Therefore, it is crucial to provide effective heat dissipation to the environment. Increasing the surface area where heat is dissipated into the environment is one potential solution. In this study, the variation of the drill hole angles and groove hole angles is proposed as a geometry modification to encourage greater heat dissipation in disc brakes. In addition, the thermal performance of disc brakes made from various types of materials is assessed using finite element analysis. The materials employed are carbon ceramic, stainless steel, and gray cast iron. The numerical findings show that the groove-type disc brake with a ventilation hole angle of 0° angle has the lowest maximum temperature. In addition, it is revealed that the disc brake made of gray cast iron material results in the lowest peak temperature. The numerical results also indicate that due to the thinning of the geometry, the addition of the ventilation hole angle contributes to the phenomena of temperature concentration in specific areas of the disc brake. This study demonstrates that disc brake material and ventilation hole play a significant effect in altering the thermal characteristics. •The disc brake's maximum temperature rises as the drill hole angle is increased.•As the groove hole angle increases, the disc brake's maximum temperature increases.•The geometry thinning of the disc brake has caused a heat concentrate in some areas.•The lowest maximum temperature value is obtained in gray cast iron.•In disc brake groove type 0°, the lowest maximum temperature value is attained.