Technology and physical activity for preventing cognitive and physical decline in older adults: Protocol of a pilot RCT

Cognitive frailty, defined as having both physical frailty and cognitive impairment that does not satisfy the criteria for Major Neurocognitive Disorder, represents an elevated risk for morbidity. Hence, it is crucial to mitigate such risks. Physical activity interventions have been found effective in protecting against physical frailty and cognitive deterioration. This pilot RCT examines if smartwatches and mobile phone applications can help to increase physical activity, thereby improving physical and cognitive outcomes. Older individuals (n = 60) aged 60 to 85 years old will have their physical activity tracked using a smartwatch. The subjects will be randomized into two arms: one group will receive daily notification prompts if they did not reach the recommended levels of PA; the control group will not receive prompts. Outcome variables of physical activity level, neurocognitive scores, and physical frailty scores will be measured at baseline, T1 (3 months), and T2 (6 months). Sleep quality, levels of motivation, anxiety, and depression will be controlled for in our analyses. We hypothesize that the intervention group will have higher levels of physical activity resulting in improved cognitive and physical outcomes at follow-up. This study was approved by the National University of Singapore's Institutional Review Board on 17 August 2020 (NUS-IRB Ref. No.: H-20-038). Wearable sensors technology could prove useful by facilitating self-management in physical activity interventions. The findings of this study can justify the use of technology in physical activity as a preventive measure against cognitive frailty in older adults. This intervention also complements the rapidly rising use of technology, such as smartphones and wearable health devices, in our lives today. This study has been retrospectively registered on clinicaltrials.gov on 5th January 2021 (NCT Identifier: NCT04692974), after the first participant was recruited.