Polución hídrica en el Ecuador, como resultado del proceso agroindustrial cañero

The article presents the research carried out on the water pollution of Ecuador caused by the sugarcane agroindustrial process, whose main organic waste is vinasse, which is outside the maximum permissible limits according to the current Ecuadorian legislation, TULSMA Book VI resolution 097 - A Annex 1: Environmental Quality Standard and Effluent Discharge: Water Resource, if the aforementioned organic material (vinasse) comes into direct contact with the water resource would cause irreversible damage to the aquifer biological cycle, causing the accelerated disappearance of endangered species of extinction of the water basins of the country. In Ecuador, the production of vinasse has increased considerably, reaching a production of 8,661,609 Tm / Ha; what it links to an additional growth in the production of ethanol generating 1560 liters per hectare of cane cultivation. The vinasses can be subjected to treatments to improve their physical - chemical quality; the most appropriate treatment is the one that uses microorganisms of the genus Saccharomyces cerevisiae to reduce the BOD and the COD of the waste, with which it acquires better characteristics for its use in compost, biogas, and organic concentrates rich in minerals for its application in the elaboration of concentrates for the animal species. At present, Ecuador uses this agroindustrial waste to generate biofuel with the purpose of reducing the emissions of, to the environment; the product is marketed in its entirety in the national and international markets, generating additional economic income for the sugar mills; the incorporation of this fuel friendly with the environment is not completely pleasing to the internal consumer due to the high cost of the product in relation to the other fuels sold in the national territory. El artículo presenta la investigación realizada sobre la polución hídrica del Ecuador provocado por el proceso agroindustrial cañero, cuyo principal residuo orgánico es la vinaza, la cual se encuentra fuera de los límites máximos permisibles de acuerdo al normativo legal vigente ecuatoriano, TULSMA Libro VI resolución 097 - A Anexo 1: Norma de Calidad Ambiental y de Descarga de Efluentes: Recurso Agua, si el mencionado material orgánico (vinaza) entra en contacto directo con el recurso hídrico provocaría daños irreversibles al ciclo biológico acuífero, provocando la desaparición acelerada de especies en peligro de extinción de las cuencas hídricas del país. En el Ecuador la prod