Investigación inicial y la igualdad de las partes dentro del proceso penal mexicano

It is based on the premise that equality between the parties is an essential principle of criminal procedure that seeks to guarantee a fair and equitable trial for all parties involved. Therefore, it is analyzed how this principle is fulfilled in practice, taking as an example the judicial districts...

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Veröffentlicht in:Revista Científica de Estudios Sociales 2024-06, Vol.4 (4), p.151-166
Hauptverfasser: Díaz Salazar, Valeria, Orozco González, Wilberth, Rojas Maldonado, Natasha Ekaterina
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Sprache:spa
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Zusammenfassung:It is based on the premise that equality between the parties is an essential principle of criminal procedure that seeks to guarantee a fair and equitable trial for all parties involved. Therefore, it is analyzed how this principle is fulfilled in practice, taking as an example the judicial districts VII and XII of the state of Jalisco in Mexico. To this end, a study with a qualitative approach is carried out, through the review of Mexican legislation on criminal matters and the participation of litigants and public ministries of the study area is analyzed, which shows the lack of equality between the parties in the initial research phase. It is concluded that, although the Mexican adversarial criminal system has equality between the parties as one of its fundamental principles, in practice there are inequalities in the initial investigation stage, where the defense has limitations in access to information and resources, which generates an asymmetry in the criminal process. Finally, with this study, a reform to articles 218 and 219 of the National Code of Criminal Procedures is proposed as one of the possible solutions to the problem, to achieve equality between the parties in the initial investigation stage, in which it is established clearly the scope of the rights and obligations of the defense at this stage and thus guarantee their access to the information and resources necessary for an effective defense. Se parte de la premisa de que la igualdad entre las partes es un principio esencial del procedimiento penal que busca garantizar un juicio justo y equitativo para todas las partes involucradas. Por lo tanto, se analiza cómo se cumple este principio en la práctica, tomando como ejemplo los distritos judiciales VII y XII del estado de Jalisco en México. Con ese fin, se lleva a cabo un estudio con enfoque cualitativo, mediante la revisión de la legislación mexicana en materia penal y se analiza la participación de litigantes y ministerios públicos del área de estudio, que evidencian la falta de igualdad entre las partes en la fase de investigación inicial. Se concluye que, a pesar de que el sistema penal acusatorio mexicano tiene como uno de sus principios fundamentales la igualdad entre las partes, en la práctica existen desigualdades en la etapa de investigación inicial, donde la defensa tiene limitaciones en el acceso a la información y recursos, lo que genera una asimetría en el proceso penal. Finalmente, con el presente estudio, se propone como una
ISSN:2959-4685
2958-6070
2958-6070
DOI:10.62407/rces.v4i4.120