Variables personales y contextuales predictoras de salud mental en adolescentes: estrés, ansiedad, depresión e impulsividad

The objective was to describe mental health in adolescents from the levels of depression, anxiety, stress and impulsivity and to determine the influence that self-efficacy and resilience exert on them, as well as contextual variables. It is based on a quantitative methodology, non-experimental, cross-sectional design, descriptive-correlational scope. Participants were 565 adolescents between 12 and 21 years old (M=16.9; S.D.=5.1). The scales General Self-Efficacy, Resilience Connor and Davidson Beck's Anxiety, Scale UPPS-P of impulsivity for children and adolescents, Scale of Depression for adolescents of Birleson, DASS-21-Stress Subscale, which were applied through an online form, with prior informed consent. The results show a predominance of medium-high levels in anxiety and predominantly high levels in depression, stress and impulsivity. Correlations of self-efficacy and resilience with mental health variables were negative, between moderate and low. The linear regression model explained the variance of depression, impulsivity, anxiety and stress due to the influence of resilience, and only the first two due to self-efficacy. Sex, age and schooling influence anxiety, depression and impulsivity, in addition to the above, the type of school, the teaching modality and the family structure include stress. It is concluded that adolescents present alterations in their mental health that is reflected in high rates of depression, impulsiveness and inefficient stress management and a medium-high rate of anxiety. Resilience mostly predicts mental health variables, acting as a protective factor. El objetivo fue describir la salud mental en adolescentes a partir de los niveles de depresión, ansiedad, estrés e impulsividad y determinar la influencia que ejerce sobre ellas, la autoeficacia y la resiliencia, así como variables contextuales. Se basa en una metodología cuantitativa, diseño no experimental, transversal, alcance descriptivo-correlacional. Participaron 565 adolescentes de entre 12 y 21 años (M=16.9; D.E.=5.1) Se utilizaron las escalas Autoeficacia general, Resiliencia Connor y Davidson Ansiedad de Beck, Escala UPPS-P de impulsividad para niños y adolescentes, Escala de Depresión para adolescentes de Birleson, DASS-21-Subescala de estrés, las cuales se aplicaron mediante un formulario online, previo consentimiento informado. Los resultados muestran un predominio de niveles medio-altos en ansiedad y predominantemente altos en depresión, estrés e impulsivida