Tecnologías de aprovechamiento energético de biomasa para la electrificación rural en Cundinamarca

In 2019, the Institute for the Planning and Promotion of Energy Solutions for Non-Interconnected Areas (IPSE by its abbreviation in Spanish) reported 1710 rural areas with 128,587 people accessing electricity between four and twelve hours per day. This limited access to electricity generates insecurity and high costs for maintaining the power plants in operation, with investments exceeding one hundred dollars a day for generating energy using diesel in low-income municipalities. This energy deficit in Colombia is an opportunity for generating electricity from renewable energies such as biomass, which could overcome the geographical conditions that hinder conventional electrical infrastructure in the rural areas in Colombia. This review article presents the advances and trends in biomass energy technologies in the rural areas of Cundinamarca. The aim of this review is to present the main technologies that have been implemented in Cundinamarca on the energetic use of biomass from anaerobic biodigestion. The review includes productive projects that have been developed through the design and implementation of low-cost biodigesters. Since 2000, these sustainable engineering projects have empowered rural communities via the transfer of technology and the promotion of circular economies based on entrepreneurship and the improvement of regional competitiveness. For this reason, the text poses the need for a future environmental study to determine the impact of these productive projects on the ecosystems that predominate in these rural environments. En 2019, l'Institut pour la planification et la promotion des solutions énergétiques pour les zones non interconnectées (IPSE) a signalé 1710 zones rurales comptant plus de 128.000 personnes n’ayant qu’un accès restreint à l'énergie électrique - entre quatre et douze heures par jour. Cet accès limité à l’énergie génère insécurité et coûts élevés de manutention des centrales en fonctionnement, occasionnant des dépenses supérieures à cent dollars par jour pour la production d’électricité au diesel dans les municipalités à faible revenu. Ce déficit énergétique est une opportunité pour la production d'électricité à partir d'énergies renouvelables comme, par exemple, la biomasse, qui permettrait de surmonter les difficultés géographiques limitant la construction d’infrastructures électriques conventionnelles dans ces zones rurales. Cet article de synthèse présente les progrès et tendances technologiques utilisant l'énergie d