Cribado neonatal del hipotiroidismo congénito
Background: Thyroid hormones are essential for normal brain development, with congenital hypothyroidism (CH) being the most frequent cause of mental retardation that can be prevented. The early detection of CH is of primary interest in Public Health and Preventive Medicine and is included in neonata...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Revista española de salud pública 2021 (95) |
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Sprache: | spa |
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Zusammenfassung: | Background: Thyroid hormones are essential for
normal brain development, with congenital hypothyroidism
(CH) being the most frequent cause of mental retardation
that can be prevented. The early detection of
CH is of primary interest in Public Health and Preventive
Medicine and is included in neonatal screening programs.
In newborns detected and starting treatment in the first
days of life, morbidity, mortality and possible disabilities
associated with the disease are reduced. The objective of
the review was to highlight the relevance of HC detection
programs, to know the current situation at the national and
global level and the challenges and future prospects.
Methods: The review was based on the selection of
studies and reviews of the disease and published studies
of different screening programs for the detection of CH.
As sources of information, bibliographic reference bases,
guides and / or protocols of scientific societies, documents
of technological evaluation agencies and documents of
official organizations have been used.
Results: In all the references consulted, it has been
possible to verify based on the cases detected, positive
predictive value and prevalences that the early detection
of CH has been highly efficient for the diagnosis of the
disease.
Conclusions: Neonatal screening for primary CH is
an example of success in public health. Lines of research
are needed to clarify whether other moderate forms of CH
benefit from early detection and treatment.
Fundamentos: Las hormonas tiroideas son fundamentales
para un desarrollo cerebral normal, siendo el hipotiroidismo
congénito (HC) la causa más frecuente de
retraso mental que se puede prevenir. La detección precoz
del HC es de interés primordial en Salud Pública y
Medicina Preventiva y está incluida en los programas de
cribado neonatal. En los recién nacidos detectados y que
inician tratamiento en los primeros días de vida se consigue
reducir la morbilidad, mortalidad y las posibles discapacidades
asociadas a la enfermedad. El objetivo de la
revisión fue poner de manifiesto la relevancia que tienen
los programas de detección del HC, conocer la situación
actual a nivel nacional y mundial y los desafíos y perspectivas
de futuro.
Métodos: La revisión se ha basado en la selección
de estudios y revisiones de la enfermedad y de estudios
publicados de diferentes programas de cribado para la detección
del HC. Como fuentes de información se han utilizado
bases de referencias bibliográficas, guías y/o pro |
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ISSN: | 1135-5727 |