Proceso de instauración institucional del acuerdo comercial entre Ecuador y la Unión Europea y su efecto en las unidades societales. Caso de estudio: sector lácteo ecuatoriano

The international organizations are the spaces that decentralize the international system, also provide order, improve communication channels, and reduce the possibility of conflict between States. This work focuses on commercial institutions, specifically in the free trade agreements, and the way in which they generate changes both internationally and domestically in the economic policies of States. The objective of this study is to determine the effects that the multiparty trade agreement signed by Ecuador and the European Union has generated on a sensitive productive sector in Ecuador such as the dairy industry. In this way, the institutionalization process of the commercial agreement was studied by means of documentation. Considering in a special way the strategies proposed for the implementation of the agreement by the Ecuadorian government and the participation of the representatives of small industries in the negotiation roundtables. Furthermore, a quantitative analysis was carried out to analyse the number of imports in the periods before and after the trade agreement. In this way, by means of a triangulation between the theory, the case study, and the empirical results, it was possible to demonstrate that civil society and business groups exert a high level of influence on government decisions. In turn, it is concluded that the effects generated by the agreement on small dairy producers materialize in the reduction of the price of their products, which has resulted in the abandonment of the activity. Las organizaciones internacionales son los espacios que descentralizan el sistema internacional, imparten orden, mejoran los canales de comunicación y reducen la posibilidad de conflicto. Este trabajo, se enfoca en las instituciones comerciales, específicamente en los acuerdos de libre comercio, y la forma en la que generan cambios tanto a nivel internacional como a nivel doméstico en las políticas económicas de los Estados. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar los efectos que ha generado el acuerdo comercial multipartes firmado por el Ecuador y la Unión Europea sobre un sector productivo sensible de Ecuador como es la industria de lácteos. De esta manera se estudió el proceso de institucionalización del mencionado acuerdo comercial por medio de documentación. Considerando de manera especial las estrategias planteadas para la implementación del acuerdo por parte del gobierno ecuatoriano y la participación de los representantes de las pequeñas ind