Natural kinds: a new synthesis

What is a natural kind? This old yet lasting philosophical question has recently received new competing answers (e.g., Chakravartty, 2007; Magnus, 2014; Khalidi, 2013; Slater, 2015; Ereshefsky & Reydon, 2015). We show that the main ingredients of an encompassing and coherent account of natural k...

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Veröffentlicht in:Theoria (Madrid, Spain) Spain), 2020-01, Vol.35 (3), p.365-387
Hauptverfasser: Barberousse, Anouk, Longy, Françoise, Merlin, Francesca, Ruphy, Stéphanie
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creator Barberousse, Anouk
Longy, Françoise
Merlin, Francesca
Ruphy, Stéphanie
description What is a natural kind? This old yet lasting philosophical question has recently received new competing answers (e.g., Chakravartty, 2007; Magnus, 2014; Khalidi, 2013; Slater, 2015; Ereshefsky & Reydon, 2015). We show that the main ingredients of an encompassing and coherent account of natural kinds are actually on the table, but in need of the right articulation. It is by adopting a non-reductionist, naturalistic and non-conceptualist approach that, in this paper, we elaborate a new synthesis of all these ingredients. Our resulting proposition is a multiple-compartment theory of natural kinds that defines them in purely ontological terms, clearly distinguishes and relates ontological and epistemological issues —more precisely, two grains of ontological descriptions and two grains of explanatory success of natural kinds—, and which sheds light on why natural kinds play an epistemic role both within science and in everyday life. ¿Qué es una clase natural? Esta pregunta filosófica, antigua pero perdurable, ha recibido recientemente nuevas respuestas enfrentadas (e.g., Chakravartty, 2007; Magnus, 2014; Khalidi, 2013; Slater, 2015; Ereshefsky & Reydon, 2015). En este artículo mostramos que los principales ingredientes para una explicación abarcadora y coherente de las clases naturales están de hecho disponibles, aunque a la espera de una articulación apropiada. Adoptando una perspectiva no reduccionista, naturalista y no conceptualista, elaboramos una nueva síntesis a partir de estos ingredientes. Nuestra propuesta es una teoría de las clases naturales que los define en términos puramente ontológicos, que distingue y relaciona claramente cuestiones ontológicas y epistemológicas —en concreto, dos tipos de descripción ontológica y dos formas de éxito explicativo para las clases naturales—, y que arroja luz sobre por qué las clases naturales desempeñan un papel epistémico tanto en la ciencia como en la vida cotidiana.
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subjects Clases naturales
Esencialismo
Essentialism
HPC
Humanities and Social Sciences
Natural Kind
Philosophy
title Natural kinds: a new synthesis
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