Quiste dermoide con manifestaciones respiratorias: caso clínico

Introduction: Dermoid cysts are congenital tumors caused by entrapment of ectoderm during embryogenesis. The most common localization are the gonads and less than 10% are in the head and neck. They are slow growing and generally observed between the second and third decades of life, being unusual in chilhood. Description: We report a case of a 5 year old male with recurrent respiratory infections, mouth breathing and snoring with apneas and daytime sleepiness. On physical examination tonsillar hypertrophy and a 4 cm sublingual tumor are detected. As complementary tests are performed overnight polysomnography with AHI of 18.3 / h and ultrasonography, reported as cystic mass with multiple rounded echogenic structures inside. Results: The patient was diagnosed with severe OSA and tonsillectomy and intraorally enucleation of tumor (as diagnosis and treatment) were performed; with histopathological diagnosis of dermoid cyst. In the postoperative control we check the resolution of respiratory events and snoring. Discussion: Dermoid cysts of the oral cavity (where sublingual localization is the most common) represent only 0,01% of all cysts and 1,6% of all dermoid cysts. Usually present as slow-growing asymptomatic mass, even if they reach large size can compromise swallowing, speech or breathing and eventually cause, as in our case, a severe OSA. The surgical treatment allows to confirm the diagnosis an avoid the risk of infectious complications and eventual malignant transformation. Introducción: Los quistes dermoides son lesiones congénitas causadas por atrapamiento del ectodermo durante la embriogénesis. Su localización más frecuente son las gónadas y menos del 10% se encuentran en cabeza y cuello. Son de crecimiento lento y en general, se observan entre la segunda y tercera década de la vida, siendo raros en la infancia. Descripción: Se presenta el caso de un varón de 5 años que acude a consulta por presentar infecciones respiratorias recurrentes, respiración bucal y roncopatía con pausas de apnea y somnolencia diurna. En la exploración se detecta hipertrofia amigdalar y una tumoración sublingual de 4 cm. Como pruebas complementarias se realizan una polisomnografía nocturna con un IAH de 18,3/h y una ecografía, informada como lesión quística con múltiples estructuras redondeadas ecogénicas. Resultados: Se diagnostica se SAHS severo y se decide realizar una resección quirúrgica, diagnóstica y terapéutica, completando el tratamiento con una amigdalectomía. Se